Increased ATP/ADP ratio resulting from enhanced glycolysis and oxidative phosphorylation represents a plausible mechanism controlling the glucose-stimulated insulin secretion (GSIS) in pancreatic beta-cells. Although specific bioenergetics might be involved, parallel studies of cell respiration and mitochondrial membrane potential (DeltaPsi(m)) during GSIS are lacking. Using high resolution respirometry and parallel DeltaPsi(m) monitoring by two distinct fluorescence probes we have quantified bioenergetics in rat insulinoma INS-1E cells representing a suitable model to study in vitro insulin secretion. Upon glucose addition to glucose-depleted cells we demonstrated a simultaneous increase in respiration and DeltaPsi(m) during GSIS and showed that the endogenous state 3/state 4 respiratory ratio hyperbolically increased with glucose, approaching the maximum oxidative phosphorylation rate at maximum GSIS. Attempting to assess the basis of the "toxic" effect of fatty acids on insulin secretion, GSIS was studied after linoleic acid addition, which diminished respiration increase, DeltaPsi(m) jump, and magnitude of insulin release, and reduced state 3/state 4 dependencies on glucose. Its effects were due to protonophoric function, i.e. uncoupling, since without glucose, linoleic acid accelerated both state 3 and state 4 respiration by similar extent. In turn, state 3 respiration increased marginally with linoleic acid at 10-20mM glucose. We conclude that upon glucose addition in physiological range, the INS-1E cells are able to regulate the oxidative phosphorylation rate from nearly zero to maximum and that the impairment of GSIS by linoleic acid is caused by mitochondrial uncoupling. These findings may be relevant to the pathogenesis of type 2 diabetes.

Department of Membrane Transport Biophysics No 75 Institute of Physiology Academy of Sciences of the Czech Republic Vídenská 1083 14220 Prague 4 Czech Republic

References provided by Crossref.org

Mitochondrial Superoxide Production Decreases on Glucose-Stimulated Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β Cells Due to Decreasing Mitochondrial Matrix NADH/NAD+ Ratio

Glucose-Induced Expression of DAPIT in Pancreatic β-Cells

Contribution of Oxidative Stress and Impaired Biogenesis of Pancreatic β-Cells to Type 2 Diabetes

Fatty Acid-Stimulated Insulin Secretion vs. Lipotoxicity

H₂O₂-Activated Mitochondrial Phospholipase iPLA₂γ Prevents Lipotoxic Oxidative Stress in Synergy with UCP2, Amplifies Signaling via G-Protein-Coupled Receptor GPR40, and Regulates Insulin Secretion in Pancreatic β-Cells

Redox homeostasis in pancreatic β cells