• MeSH
• kardiovaskulární nemoci * patofyziologie   prevence a kontrola   terapie   MeSH
• klinická studie jako téma MeSH
• kyselina linolová farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-3 aplikace a dávkování   farmakologie   MeSH
• kyseliny mastné omega-6 farmakologie   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * fyziologie   klasifikace   terapeutické užití   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

• MeSH
• chronická pankreatitida metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• chuťová percepce MeSH
• Crohnova nemoc metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• cystická fibróza metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• enterocyty fyziologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální absorpce fyziologie   MeSH
• gastrointestinální nemoci * metabolismus   patofyziologie   MeSH
• kyselina linolová metabolismus   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mastné kyseliny * fyziologie   metabolismus   MeSH
• potravinová intolerance MeSH
• střeva metabolismus   MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH
• Publikační typ
• přehledy MeSH

Omega-O-acyl ceramides such as 32-linoleoyloxydotriacontanoyl sphingosine (Cer[EOS]) are essential components of the lipid skin barrier, which protects our body from excessive water loss and the penetration of unwanted substances. These ceramides drive the lipid assembly to epidermal-specific long periodicity phase (LPP), structurally much different than conventional lipid bilayers. Here, we synthesized Cer[EOS] with selectively deuterated segments of the ultralong N-acyl chain or deuterated or 13C-labeled linoleic acid and studied their molecular behavior in a skin lipid model. Solid-state 2H NMR data revealed surprising molecular dynamics for the ultralong N-acyl chain of Cer[EOS] with increased isotropic motion toward the isotropic ester-bound linoleate. The sphingosine moiety of Cer[EOS] is also highly mobile at skin temperature, in stark contrast to the other LPP components, N-lignoceroyl sphingosine acyl, lignoceric acid, and cholesterol, which are predominantly rigid. The dynamics of the linoleic chain is quantitatively described by distributions of correlation times and using dynamic detector analysis. These NMR results along with neutron diffraction data suggest an LPP structure with alternating fluid (sphingosine chain-rich), rigid (acyl chain-rich), isotropic (linoleate-rich), rigid (acyl-chain rich), and fluid layers (sphingosine chain-rich). Such an arrangement of the skin barrier lipids with rigid layers separated with two different dynamic "fillings" i) agrees well with ultrastructural data, ii) satisfies the need for simultaneous rigidity (to ensure low permeability) and fluidity (to ensure elasticity, accommodate enzymes, or antimicrobial peptides), and iii) offers a straightforward way to remodel the lamellar body lipids into the final lipid barrier.

• MeSH
• ceramidy chemie   MeSH
• epidermis MeSH
• kůže chemie   MeSH
• kyselina linolová * MeSH
• sfingosin analýza   MeSH
• simulace molekulární dynamiky * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Epidermal omega-O-acylceramides (ω-O-acylCers) are essential components of a competent skin barrier. These unusual sphingolipids with ultralong N-acyl chains contain linoleic acid esterified to the terminal hydroxyl of the N-acyl, the formation of which requires the transacylase activity of patatin-like phospholipase domain containing 1 (PNPLA1). In ichthyosis with dysfunctional PNPLA1, ω-O-acylCer levels are significantly decreased, and ω-hydroxylated Cers (ω-OHCers) accumulate. Here, we explore the role of the linoleate moiety in ω-O-acylCers in the assembly of the skin lipid barrier. Ultrastructural studies of skin samples from neonatal Pnpla1+/+ and Pnpla1-/- mice showed that the linoleate moiety in ω-O-acylCers is essential for lamellar pairing in lamellar bodies, as well as for stratum corneum lipid assembly into the long periodicity lamellar phase. To further study the molecular details of ω-O-acylCer deficiency on skin barrier lipid assembly, we built in vitro lipid models composed of major stratum corneum lipid subclasses containing either ω-O-acylCer (healthy skin model), ω-OHCer (Pnpla1-/- model), or combination of the two. X-ray diffraction, infrared spectroscopy, and permeability studies indicated that ω-OHCers could not substitute for ω-O-acylCers, although in favorable conditions, they form a medium lamellar phase with a 10.8 nm-repeat distance and permeability barrier properties similar to long periodicity lamellar phase. In the absence of ω-O-acylCers, skin lipids were prone to separation into two phases with diminished barrier properties. The models combining ω-OHCers with ω-O-acylCers indicated that accumulation of ω-OHCers does not prevent ω-O-acylCer-driven lamellar stacking. These data suggest that ω-O-acylCer supplementation may be a viable therapeutic option in patients with PNPLA1 deficiency.

• MeSH
• acyltransferasy MeSH
• ceramidy * chemie   MeSH
• epidermis MeSH
• ichtyóza MeSH
• kůže * MeSH
• kyselina linolová MeSH
• lipasa MeSH
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Check Tag
• myši MeSH
• zvířata MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

• MeSH
• kyselina arachidonová * aplikace a dávkování   fyziologie   MeSH
• kyselina linolová aplikace a dávkování   fyziologie   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• vitamin K 1 * MeSH
• vitamin K 2 MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH

Triacylglycerols (TAGs) containing less common fatty acids (FAs) were isolated from the seeds of three plants (Santalum album, Crepis foetida, and Leucas aspera). These FAs had allenic (laballenic acid, Lb) and acetylenic (crepenynic, C; ximenynic acids, Xi) bonds. TAGs were analyzed on reversed-phase and chiral columns. High-resolution tandem mass spectrometry identified TAGs by positive electrospray ionization (ESI+). Twenty-two molecular species of TAGs isolated from the seed oil of Santalum album were separated by RP-HPLC and chiral HPLC methods and identified by positive electrospray ionization tandem MS detection (ESI+-MS). Two major enantiomers, i.e., sn-OOLb and sn-LLLb (O represents oleic acid; and L represents linoleic acid), were synthesized from the appropriate phosphatidylcholines. This allowed the identification of enantiomers after separation by chiral chromatography by tandem mass spectrometry. Similarly, TAGs from the seeds of Crepis foetida, and Leucas aspera were analyzed by reversed-phase chromatography and identified by mass spectrometry. Four enantiomers (sn-OOC, sn-LLC, sn-OOXi, and sn-LLXi) were synthesized. A total of six and three enantiomers of TAGs containing crepenynic and ximenynic acids, respectively, were identified by chiral column analysis. The retention times of TAGs containing allenic and acetylenic bonds were always greater on the reversed-phase column than TAGs with the same number of carbon atoms and the same unsaturation (e.g., LLL versus LLLb). From the chiral column, the regioisomers and enantiomers were eluted in the order of symmetric-asymmetric-asymmetric (i.e., sn-OCO, sn-COO, and sn-OOC). Through tandem mass spectrometry, we were able to identify and distinguish regioisomer [DAG]+-type ions, i.e., [MNH4NH3RCOOH]+, that can be considered diagnostic. Unfortunately, enantiomers and TAGs with the same numbers of carbon atoms and the same unsaturation levels have identical mass spectra, such as LLL and LLLb.

• MeSH
• alkyny analýza   chemie   MeSH
• chromatografie kapalinová MeSH
• chromatografie s reverzní fází MeSH
• fosfatidylcholiny chemie   MeSH
• hmotnostní spektrometrie s elektrosprejovou ionizací MeSH
• kyselina linolová analýza   MeSH
• kyseliny olejové analýza   MeSH
• mastné kyseliny analýza   chemie   MeSH
• semena rostlinná chemie   MeSH
• stereoizomerie MeSH
• tandemová hmotnostní spektrometrie * MeSH
• triglyceridy analýza   chemie   izolace a purifikace   MeSH
• vysokoúčinná kapalinová chromatografie * MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH

V súčasnej dobe existuje 750 druhov húb rodu Cordyceps. Vysoká cena prírodného Cordycepsu a jej nedostatok v prírode spôsobil, že sa pozornosť upriamila na jej pestovanie, kultiváciu v laboratórnych podmienkach. Dopyt po tejto "hube-parazitovi" je aj v dnešnej dobe pomerne vysoký, čo dokazuje aj množstvo komerčných výživových doplnkov. Fytochemická diverzita zabezpečila, že Cordyceps sa používa ako imunomodulátor, antioxidant; má protirakovinové, protizápalové, antidiabetické, antibakteriálne a anti-HIV účinky. Práca sa zaoberá NMR a IR analýzou prírodných látok izolovaných z dvoch druhov húb rodu Cordyceps: Cordyceps sinensis MFTCCB025/0216, MFTCCB026/0216 a Paecilomyces hepiali MFTCCB023/0216. Tie boli umelo kultivované na dvoch substrátoch ryže (Oryza sativa Indica a Oryza sativa Japonica). Celkovo sa analyzovalo päť metanolových extraktov, ktoré boli pripravené refluxovaním pomletého materiálu húb. Na stanovenie kvality a kvantity majoritných chemických zlúčenín sa využila 1D a 2D NMR analýza, ktorej riešením 1H, 13C, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC a DEPT spektier sa priradili protóny a uhlíky jednotlivým organickým zlúčeninám. Ako doplnková analýza na stanovenie funkčných skupín sa zvolila IR spektroskopia. V extraktoch boli identifikované ako majoritné nasledujúce chemické zlúčeniny: kyselina linolová, kyselina olejová, manitol; ako minoritné tyrozín, alanín, močovina a iné biologicky zaujímavé látky.

There exist about 750 species of Cordyceps at present. A high price of natural Cordyceps and its lack in nature caused that the attention has been focused to its cultivation in laboratory conditions. The demand for this "fungus-parasite" is still quite high nowadays, as shown by the amount of commercial nutritional supplements. Phytochemical diversity has ensured that Cordyceps is used as an immunomodulatory and an antioxidant; it has anti-cancer, anti-inflammatory, anti-diabetic, antibacterial, anti-HIV effects. In the present study we focused on NMR and IR analyses of natural substances isolated from two species of Cordyceps: Cordyceps sinensis MFTCCB025/0216, MFTCCB026/0216 and Paecilomyces hepiali MFTCCB023/0216. Two types of rice substrates (Oryza sativa Indica and Oryza sativa Japonica) were used for cultivation. A total of five methanol extracts obtained by a reflux method of the ground mushroom were analysed. To determine the quality and quantity of the major chemical compounds, 1D and 2D NMR analysis has been used with 1H, 13C, COSY, NOESY, HSQC, HMBC and DEPT spectra. IR spectroscopy was chosen as a complementary analysis to determine functional groups. Linoleic acid, oleic acid and mannitol were identified as major compounds of the methanol extracts. Tyrosine, alanine, urea and the others biologically interesting substances were found as minor components.

• Klíčová slova
• Paecilomyces hepiali,
• MeSH
• Cordyceps * chemie   MeSH
• kyselina linolová MeSH
• kyselina olejová MeSH
• magnetická rezonanční spektroskopie MeSH
• mannitol MeSH
• Paecilomyces * chemie   MeSH
• spektrofotometrie infračervená MeSH
• tradiční čínská medicína MeSH
• Publikační typ
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH

Recent evidence has raised the possibility of the existence of a sixth taste modality - that is, taste for fat - which is mediated by lingual CD36 and plays a role in obesity. Consequently, the genetic polymorphism of CD36 has been shown to be associated with altered oro-sensory detection of dietary lipids. In the present study, we investigated the relationship between oro-sensory perception of linoleic acid (LA), two CD36 polymorphisms (rs1527483 and rs3212018), obesity parameters and craving habits for dietary lipids in young Czech adults. We also sequenced 5 and 6 exons of CD36 to trace out any new mutation that might be responsible for the difference in taste perception. We observed that craving for dietary lipids was correlated with anthropometric parameters (P<0·05) and LA detection threshold (P=0·033). The participants with the CC genotype of the rs1527483 polymorphism had lower BMI (P=0·011), waist circumference (P=0·005), waist:height ratio (P=0·010) and higher sensitivity for LA (P=0·037) than the participants with the CT and TT genotypes. Interestingly, we did not observe any association between the rs3212018 polymorphism and the studied parameters. Moreover, we did not observe any mutation in exons 5 and 6 of the CD36 gene in these subjects. Finally, we can state that rs1527483, but not rs3212018, is associated with high body weight in young Czech subjects.

• MeSH
• antigeny CD36 genetika   MeSH
• chuť genetika   MeSH
• chuťová percepce genetika   MeSH
• dietní tuky MeSH
• dospělí MeSH
• genotyp * MeSH
• index tělesné hmotnosti MeSH
• jednonukleotidový polymorfismus * MeSH
• kyselina linolová * MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• obezita genetika   MeSH
• obvod pasu MeSH
• poměr pas/výška MeSH
• preference v jídle fyziologie   MeSH
• Check Tag
• dospělí MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• mladý dospělý MeSH
• mužské pohlaví MeSH
• ženské pohlaví MeSH
• Publikační typ
• časopisecké články MeSH
• práce podpořená grantem MeSH
• Geografické názvy
• Česká republika MeSH

• MeSH
• biochemie MeSH
• fyziologie MeSH
• kyselina linolová analýza   MeSH
• odměny a ceny MeSH
• prostaglandiny MeSH
• Publikační typ
• biografie MeSH

• O autorovi
• Bergström, Sune, 1916-2004 Autorita

• MeSH
• cholesterol * krev   MeSH
• dieta s omezením tuků * MeSH
• dietní tuky škodlivé účinky   MeSH
• infarkt myokardu etiologie   mortalita   MeSH
• koronární nemoc dietoterapie   etiologie   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• kyselina linolová * aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• lidé MeSH
• metaanalýza jako téma MeSH
• nemoci koronárních tepen * etiologie   mortalita   prevence a kontrola   MeSH
• oleje rostlin aplikace a dávkování   MeSH
• randomizované kontrolované studie jako téma MeSH
• Check Tag
• lidé MeSH