Genetics of autoimmune diabetes mellitus
Language English Country Austria Media print
Document type Comparative Study, Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review
- MeSH
- Autoimmunity immunology MeSH
- Autoantibodies immunology MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 1 genetics immunology MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Genetic Predisposition to Disease MeSH
- Haplotypes MeSH
- HLA-DQ alpha-Chains MeSH
- HLA-DQ Antigens genetics MeSH
- HLA-DQ beta-Chains MeSH
- HLA-DR Antigens genetics MeSH
- HLA-DR3 Antigen genetics MeSH
- HLA-DR4 Antigen genetics MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Polymorphism, Genetic MeSH
- Disease Progression MeSH
- Risk Factors MeSH
- Age Factors MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Comparative Study MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Autoantibodies MeSH
- HLA-DQ alpha-Chains MeSH
- HLA-DQ Antigens MeSH
- HLA-DQ beta-Chains MeSH
- HLA-DQA1 antigen MeSH Browser
- HLA-DQB1 antigen MeSH Browser
- HLA-DR Antigens MeSH
- HLA-DR3 Antigen MeSH
- HLA-DR4 Antigen MeSH
Autoimmune diabetes mellitus, called type 1 diabetes mellitus (T1DM), is caused by autoimmune destruction of islet beta cells in the pancreas. T1DM susceptibility loci mapped by different genome screening are IDDM1-IDDM18. It has been estimated that HLA (IDDM1) provides up to 40-50 % of the familial clustering of T1DM (LOD score of 65.8). Many studies have verified that DQB1*0302 is a strong susceptibility gene and that the heterozygous combination of DQA1*0301-DQB1*0302 on the HLA-DR4 haplotype and DQA1*0501-DQB1*0201 on the HLA-DR3 haplotype results in a synergistically increased risk of T1DM. The presence of predisposing genes in autoimmune diabetes decreases with age, probably due to increasing influence of environmental factors. Autoimmune diabetes with manifestation in adults may have partly different immunogenetic etiopathogenesis than autoimmune diabetes with manifestation in childhood. Compared to fast progressing adult-onset T1DM, slowly progressing adult-onset type 1 diabetes (LADA) might involve genes leading to a slow progressive beta-cells destruction.
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