EBV is a direct causative agent in around 1.5% of all cancers. The oncogenic properties of EBV are related to its ability to activate processes needed for cellular proliferation, survival, migration, and immune evasion. The EBV latency program is required for the immortalization of infected B cells and involves the expression of non-coding RNAs (ncRNAs), including viral microRNAs. These ncRNAs have different functions that contribute to virus persistence in the asymptomatic host and to the development of EBV-associated cancers. In this review, we discuss the function and potential clinical utility of EBV microRNAs and other ncRNAs in EBV-associated malignancies. This review is not intended to be comprehensive, but rather to provide examples of the importance of ncRNAs.

Department of Medical Biotechnologies Section of Pathology University of Siena 53100 Siena Italy

Faculty of Medicine and Surgery University of Santo Tomas Manila 1008 Philippines

Health Research Institute University of Limerick V94 T9PX Limerick Ireland

Institute of Immunology and Immunotherapy University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK

Institute of Molecular and Translational Medicine Palacký University in Olomouc Hněvotínská 5 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic

Mater Misericordiae University Hospital D07AX57 Dublin Ireland

Research Center for the Natural and Applied Sciences Molecular Diagnostics Research Group University of Santo Tomas Manila 1015 Philippines

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Anti-Epstein-Barr Virus Activities of Flavones and Flavonols with Effects on Virus-Related Cancers