Plant architecture is one of the key factors that affect plant survival and productivity. Plant body structure is established through the iterative initiation and outgrowth of lateral organs, which are derived from the shoot apical meristem and root apical meristem, after embryogenesis. Here we report that ADP1, a putative MATE (multidrug and toxic compound extrusion) transporter, plays an essential role in regulating lateral organ outgrowth, and thus in maintaining normal architecture of Arabidopsis. Elevated expression levels of ADP1 resulted in accelerated plant growth rate, and increased the numbers of axillary branches and flowers. Our molecular and genetic evidence demonstrated that the phenotypes of plants over-expressing ADP1 were caused by reduction of local auxin levels in the meristematic regions. We further discovered that this reduction was probably due to decreased levels of auxin biosynthesis in the local meristematic regions based on the measured reduction in IAA levels and the gene expression data. Simultaneous inactivation of ADP1 and its three closest homologs led to growth retardation, relative reduction of lateral organ number and slightly elevated auxin level. Our results indicated that ADP1-mediated regulation of the local auxin level in meristematic regions is an essential determinant for plant architecture maintenance by restraining the outgrowth of lateral organs.

Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Umeå Plant Science Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden

Department of Forest Genetics and Plant Physiology Umeå Plant Science Centre Swedish University of Agricultural Sciences Umeå Sweden ; Centre of the Region Haná for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Faculty of Science Palacký University Šlechtitelů 21 Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Horticulture and Landscape Architecture Purdue University West Lafayette Indiana United States of America

Institute for Chemical Research Kyoto University Gokasho Uji Kyoto Japan

State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research Peking Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology Peking Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences College of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing People's Republic of China

State Key Laboratory of Protein and Plant Gene Research Peking Yale Joint Research Center for Plant Molecular Genetics and AgroBiotechnology Peking Tsinghua Center for Life Sciences College of Life Sciences Peking University Beijing People's Republic of China ; National Plant Gene Research Center Beijing People's Republic of China

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Auxins and Cytokinins-The Role of Subcellular Organization on Homeostasis