Environmental quality monitoring of water resources is challenged with providing the basis for safeguarding the environment against adverse biological effects of anthropogenic chemical contamination from diffuse and point sources. While current regulatory efforts focus on monitoring and assessing a few legacy chemicals, many more anthropogenic chemicals can be detected simultaneously in our aquatic resources. However, exposure to chemical mixtures does not necessarily translate into adverse biological effects nor clearly shows whether mitigation measures are needed. Thus, the question which mixtures are present and which have associated combined effects becomes central for defining adequate monitoring and assessment strategies. Here we describe the vision of the international, EU-funded project SOLUTIONS, where three routes are explored to link the occurrence of chemical mixtures at specific sites to the assessment of adverse biological combination effects. First of all, multi-residue target and non-target screening techniques covering a broader range of anticipated chemicals co-occurring in the environment are being developed. By improving sensitivity and detection limits for known bioactive compounds of concern, new analytical chemistry data for multiple components can be obtained and used to characterise priority mixtures. This information on chemical occurrence will be used to predict mixture toxicity and to derive combined effect estimates suitable for advancing environmental quality standards. Secondly, bioanalytical tools will be explored to provide aggregate bioactivity measures integrating all components that produce common (adverse) outcomes even for mixtures of varying compositions. The ambition is to provide comprehensive arrays of effect-based tools and trait-based field observations that link multiple chemical exposures to various environmental protection goals more directly and to provide improved in situ observations for impact assessment of mixtures. Thirdly, effect-directed analysis (EDA) will be applied to identify major drivers of mixture toxicity. Refinements of EDA include the use of statistical approaches with monitoring information for guidance of experimental EDA studies. These three approaches will be explored using case studies at the Danube and Rhine river basins as well as rivers of the Iberian Peninsula. The synthesis of findings will be organised to provide guidance for future solution-oriented environmental monitoring and explore more systematic ways to assess mixture exposures and combination effects in future water quality monitoring.

Alterra Wageningen University and Research Centre P O Box 47 6700 AA Wageningen The Netherlands

Brunel University Institute of Environment Health and Societies Uxbridge UB8 3PH United Kingdom

Centre for Computational Biology and Modelling University of Liverpool L69 7ZB UK

Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Carl Skottbergs Gata 22b 40530 Gothenburg Sweden

Eawag Swiss Federal Institute of Aquatic Science and Technology 8600 Dübendorf Switzerland

Environmental Institute Okruzna 784 42 97241 Kos Slovak Republic

Faust and Backhaus Environmental Consulting Fahrenheitstr 1 28359 Bremen Germany

Foundation Deltares Potbus 177 277 MH Delft The Netherlands

Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS BP2 60550 Verneuil en Halatte France

IVL Swedish Environmental Research Institute P O Box 53021 400 14 Göteborg Sweden

Leibniz Institute of Plant Biochemistry Weinberg 3 06120 Halle Germany

Masaryk University Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment Masaryk University Kamenice 753 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

MAXX Mess und Probenahmetechnik GmbH Hechinger Straße 41 D 72414 Rangendingen Germany

National Research Centre for Environmental Toxicology The University of Queensland Brisbane Australia; UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Permoserstr 15 04318 Leipzig Germany

Norwegian Institute for Water Research NIVA Gaustadalléen 21 N 0349 Oslo Norway

RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

School of Biosciences The University of Birmingham Birmingham B15 2TT UK

State Key Laboratory of Pollution Control and Resource Reuse School of the Environment Collaborative Innovation Center for Regional Environmental Quality Nanjing University Nanjing 210023 PR China

Synchem UG and Co KG Am Kies 2 34587 Felsberg Altenburg Germany

UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Permoserstr 15 04318 Leipzig Germany

UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Permoserstr 15 04318 Leipzig Germany; RWTH Aachen University Aachen Germany

University of Bern Centre for Fish and Wildlife Health PO Box 8466 CH 3001 Bern Switzerland

University of Campinas Limeira Brazil

University of Novi Sad Faculty of Sciences¸ Trg Dositeja Obradovića 321000 Novi Sad Serbia

WatchFrog Bâtiment Genavenir 3 1 rue Pierre Fontaine 91000 Evry France

Water and Soil Quality Research Group Institute of Environmental Assessment and Water Research Jordi Girona 18 26 08034 Barcelona Spain

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