Hrozící či již manifestní násilné jednání plynoucí z duševního onemocnění je jednou z příčin hospitalizace. Syndrom násilného jednání zahrnující psychotické, impulzivní a predační násilí vyžaduje správnou diagnostiku daného konání a specifické intervence k zabránění manifestace násilí. V současné době převažuje posouzení míry rizika násilného jednání prostým klinickým hodnocením, na druhou stranu se nabízí široká paleta diagnostických škál. Tyto nástroje ulehčují diagnostiku a zefektivňují kroky léčby násilného jednání i přístup celého ošetřovatelského týmu. Zavádění takových nástrojů dává naději na tzv. patient-tailored medicine, ve smyslu ovlivnění konkrétních symptomů, interakcí či organizace péče. Cílem našeho nesystematického přehledového článku je poskytnout základní přehled efektivních škál pro hodnocení rizika násilného jednání.

The threat or manifestation of violent behaviour as a result of mental illness is one of the reasons for hospitalisation. The syndrome of violent behaviour, including psychotic, impulsive and predatory violence, requires a correct diagnosis of the behaviour and specific interventions to prevent the manifestation of violence. At present, the assessment of the risk of violent behaviour is mainly based on a simple clinical assessment, but a number of diagnostic scales are available. These tools facilitate diagnosis and make the treatment of violent behaviour and the approach of the whole care team more effective. The introduction of such tools offers the hope of patient-tailored medicine, in the sense of influencing the specific symptoms, interactions or organisation of care. The aim of our text is to provide a nonsystematic review of effective scales for assessing the risk of violent behaviour.

• MeSH
• Endodontics instrumentation   MeSH
• Dental Pulp Cavity surgery   MeSH
• Clinical Studies as Topic MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Root Canal Preparation * methods   instrumentation   MeSH
• Dental Equipment MeSH
• Dental Instruments MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

INTRODUCTION: Cardiovascular diseases are the world's most common causes of morbidity and mortality in the population, including Central Europe. Cardiac rehabilitation (CR) is an effective preventive approach that includes several core components. Physical training is identified as an integral and essential part of CR. Training can positively influence several cardiovascular risk factors in people diagnosed with coronary heart disease and prevent them from clinical events. Our study aims to research the method of high-intensity interval training (HIIT) in a home environment using telerehabilitation. We assume that the HIIT form of telerehabilitation, using a heart rate monitor as a tool for backing up training data, can improve cardiorespiratory fitness and lead to higher peak oxygen uptake than the traditional moderate-intensity continuous training (MICT). METHODS: This study is designed as a monocentral randomized controlled trial at University Hospital Brno in the Czech Republic. After the coronary heart event, the suitable patients will be randomized (1:1 ratio) and separated into 2 groups: the experimental HIIT group and the control MICT group. Both groups undergo a 12-week telerehabilitation with a 1-year follow-up period. Study participants will be telemonitored during physical training in their home environment via a heart rate monitor and a web platform. Once a week, the patients will give their feedback and motivation by a telephone call.The primary outcome observed will be the effect of intervention expressed by changes in cardiorespiratory fitness. Secondary outcomes will be the health-related quality of life, anxiety, training adherence, body composition, safety, and satisfaction. DISCUSSION: The HIIT is widely researched predominantly in a center-based supervised form. Our study differs from others by the use of telemedicine and smart technologies in home-based settings. Previous home-based cardiac telerehabilitation studies have focused primarily on MICT, which has demonstrated feasibility, and results have shown similar improvements as center-based CR. There is a presumption that HIIT may be superior to MICT. However, it can be complicated to self-dose the method in the home environment. Investigators expect that HIIT research will provide insight into the possibilities of telemedicine feasibility, effect, and limitations of coronary heart disease patients' use at low to moderate cardiovascular risk.

• MeSH
• Cardiac Rehabilitation methods   MeSH
• Coronary Disease rehabilitation   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trials as Topic MeSH
• Telerehabilitation * MeSH
• High-Intensity Interval Training * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Clinical Trial Protocol MeSH
• Geographicals
• Czech Republic MeSH

Although Campylobacter jejuni is the pathogen responsible for the most common foodborne illness, tracing of the infection source remains challenging due to its highly variable genome. Therefore, one of the aim of the study was to compare three genotyping methods (MLST, PFGE, and mP-BIT) to determine the most effective genotyping tool. C. jejuni strains were divided into 4 clusters based on strain similarity in the cgMLST dendrogram. Subsequently, the dendrograms of the 3 tested methods were compared to determine the accuracy of each method compared to the reference cgMLST method. Moreover, a cost-benefit analysis has showed that MLST had the highest inverse discrimination index (97%) and required less workflow, time, fewer consumables, and low bacterial sample quantity. PFGE was shown to be obsolete both because of its low discriminatory power and the complexity of the procedure. Similarly, mP‐BIT showed low separation results, which was compensated by its high availability. Therefore, our data showed that MLST is the optimal tool for genotyping C. jejuni. Another aim was to compare the antimicrobial resistance to ciprofloxacin, erythromycin, and tetracycline in C. jejuni strains isolated from human, water, air, food, and animal samples by two gene sequence-based prediction methods and to compare them with the actual susceptibility of C. jejuni strains using the disc diffusion method. Both tools, ResFinder and RGI, synchronously predict the antimicrobial susceptibility of C. jejuni and either can be used.

• MeSH
• Anti-Bacterial Agents pharmacology   MeSH
• Drug Resistance, Bacterial genetics   MeSH
• Campylobacter jejuni * genetics   MeSH
• Genotype MeSH
• Campylobacter Infections * microbiology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
• Multilocus Sequence Typing MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Animals MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH

• MeSH
• Pediatric Obesity MeSH
• Policy Making MeSH
• Health Policy MeSH
• Publication type
• Textbook MeSH
• Geographicals
• United States MeSH

• Conspectus
• Veřejné zdraví a hygiena
• NML Fields
• veřejné zdravotnictví
• pediatrie

Computational methods can be applied in drug development for the identification of novel lead candidates, but also for the prediction of pharmacokinetic properties and potential adverse effects, thereby aiding to prioritize and identify the most promising compounds. In principle, several techniques are available for this purpose, however, which one is the most suitable for a specific research objective still requires further investigation. Within this study, the performance of several programs, representing common virtual screening methods, was compared in a prospective manner. First, we selected top-ranked virtual screening hits from the three methods pharmacophore modeling, shape-based modeling, and docking. For comparison, these hits were then additionally predicted by external pharmacophore- and 2D similarity-based bioactivity profiling tools. Subsequently, the biological activities of the selected hits were assessed in vitro, which allowed for evaluating and comparing the prospective performance of the applied tools. Although all methods performed well, considerable differences were observed concerning hit rates, true positive and true negative hits, and hitlist composition. Our results suggest that a rational selection of the applied method represents a powerful strategy to maximize the success of a research project, tightly linked to its aims. We employed cyclooxygenase as application example, however, the focus of this study lied on highlighting the differences in the virtual screening tool performances and not in the identification of novel COX-inhibitors.

• MeSH
• Cyclooxygenase 1 metabolism   MeSH
• Cyclooxygenase 2 metabolism   MeSH
• Cyclooxygenase Inhibitors chemistry   pharmacology   MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Models, Molecular MeSH
• Molecular Structure MeSH
• Drug Evaluation, Preclinical MeSH
• Dose-Response Relationship, Drug MeSH
• Structure-Activity Relationship MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH

Tuberculosis diagnosis and drug susceptibility testing (DST) are considered a priority for prompt initiation of effective therapy, increasing the chance of cure, decreasing the development of resistance, and reducing transmission. Aim: Our objective was to evaluate currently applied diagnostic tools for tuberculosis including microscopic examination, GeneXpert, culture, and microscopic observation drug susceptibility (MODS) assay, investigating MODS assay usage for second line DST against culture based methods. Material and Methods: In this study the 120 sputum samples collected from suspected cases were over one year duration from December 2018 to January 2020. The samples were subjected to ZN microscopic examination, GeneXpert, MODS assay, and culture for detection of mycobacteria. Moreover, resistance to 5 drugs: isoniazid, rifampicin, ofloxacin, levofloxacin, and amikacin were tested using MODS against the proportion method. Results: The sensitivity and specificity of the MODS assay were similar culture method with the advantage of obtaining the results in a median time of 10.7 days. Whereas the specificity of ZN and GeneXpert was high among untreated cases and decreased in subjects with a history of treatment. Monoresistance was the most common form of resistance detected among new cases followed by multidrug resistance, with a categorical agreement between the two methods above 90% for all tested drugs. Conclusions: MODS assay is an attractive option once standardized for second line susceptibility testing and GeneXpert assay is of high sensitivity for rapid detection of MTB and RIF resistance especially in treatment naive cases.

• MeSH
• Isoniazid MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Microbial Sensitivity Tests MeSH
• Tuberculosis, Multidrug-Resistant diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Mycobacterium tuberculosis genetics   MeSH
• Tuberculosis * diagnosis   drug therapy   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

Individuální všímavost se zdá být stěžejní pro několik procesů nezbytných pro přežití organizace, jako je učení, smyslové vnímání a zvládání neočekávaného. Kromě toho bylo objeveno několik pozitivních vlivů individuální všímavosti na duševní zdraví zaměstnanců a vědci vyvinuli několik programů zaměřených na rozvoj individuální všímavosti. Aby bylo možné vyhodnotit dopady individuální všímavosti na organizační procesy, zdraví zaměstnanců a účinnost programů pro rozvoj individuální všímavosti, je nutné individuální všímavost přesně měřit. Ačkoliv bylo vyvinuto několik nástrojů na měření individuální všímavosti, stále chybí informace, které by uživatelům pomohly vybrat konkrétní nástroj vhodný pro jejich situaci. Cílem článku je tyto informace poskytnout. Za použití tradiční literární rešerše byly posouzeny tři způsoby měření individuální všímavosti, a to: The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Toronto Mindfulness Scale and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Uvedené nástroje byly posouzeny z následujících tří hledisek: (1) jak tyto nástroje operacionalizují všímavost, (2) jaké požadavky kladou na respondenty a (3) jak jejich skór koreluje s mentálními faktory. Výsledky studie dále potvrzují významné rozdíly mezi uvedenými metodami s ohledem na zmíněná tři kritéria a odhalují stále trvající nedostatek konsensu týkajícího se pojímání individuální všímavosti v organizační praxi s důsledky pro jiné organizační jevy.

Individual mindfulness appears to be critical for multiple processes necessary for an organization's survival, such as learning, sensemaking and managing the unexpected. Moreover, several positive effects of individual mindfulness on mental health of employees were discovered and scientists have invented several programs which aim to develop individual mindfulness. To objectively evaluate the effects of individual mindfulness on organizational processes, employees' health and the effectiveness of individual mindfulness development programs, it is necessary to accurately measure individual mindfulness. Although several mindfulness measurement tools have been created, there is still a lack of information to help users choose a specific measurement instrument in their situation. This paper tries to provide such information by using the traditional literature review method to assess three methods of individual mindfulness measurement based on three criteria: (1) how these instruments operationalize mindfulness, (2) what requirements they place upon respondents, and (3) how their scores correlate with mental factors: The Mindful Attention Awareness Scale, Toronto Mindfulness Scale and the Kentucky Inventory of Mindfulness Skills. Moreover, the findings of this study confirm substantial differences between the methods in these criteria and reveal a lasting lack of consensus concerning the conceptualization of individual mindfulness in organizational practice, with implications for other organizational phenomena.

• MeSH
• Mental Health MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Psychological Tests MeSH
• Psychometrics methods   MeSH
• Mindfulness * MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH

• MeSH
• Medical Informatics MeSH
• Telemedicine MeSH
• Publication type
• Abstracts MeSH
• Congress MeSH
• Collected Work MeSH

• Conspectus
• Lékařské vědy. Lékařství
• NML Fields
• lékařská informatika

BACKGROUND: The Spondyloarthritis Research Consortium of Canada (SPARCC) developers have created web-based calibration modules for the SPARCC MRI sacroiliac joint (SIJ) scoring methods. We aimed to test the impact of applying these e-modules on the feasibility and reliability of these methods. METHODS: The SPARCC-SIJ RETIC e-modules contain cases with baseline and follow-up scans and an online scoring interface. Visual real-time feedback regarding concordance/discordance of scoring with expert readers is provided by a colour-coding scheme. Reliability is assessed in real time by intraclass correlation coefficient (ICC), cases being scored until ICC targets are attained. Participating readers (n=17) from the EuroSpA Imaging project were randomised to one of two reader calibration strategies that each comprised three stages. Baseline and follow-up scans from 25 cases were scored after each stage was completed. Reliability was compared with a SPARCC developer, and the System Usability Scale (SUS) assessed feasibility. RESULTS: The reliability of readers for scoring bone marrow oedema was high after the first stage of calibration, and only minor improvement was noted following the use of the inflammation module. Greater enhancement of reader reliability was evident after the use of the structural module and was most consistently evident for the scoring of erosion (ICC status/change: stage 1 (0.42/0.20) to stage 3 (0.50/0.38)) and backfill (ICC status/change: stage 1 (0.51/0.19) to stage 3 (0.69/0.41)). The feasibility of both e-modules was evident by high SUS scores. CONCLUSION: The SPARCC-SIJ RETIC e-modules are feasible, effective knowledge transfer tools, and their use is recommended before using the SPARCC methods for clinical research and tria.

• MeSH
• Humans MeSH
• Magnetic Resonance Imaging methods   MeSH
• Reproducibility of Results MeSH
• Sacroiliac Joint * diagnostic imaging   pathology   MeSH
• Spondylarthritis * diagnosis   pathology   MeSH
• Check Tag
• Humans MeSH
• Publication type
• Journal Article MeSH
• Randomized Controlled Trial MeSH
• Geographicals
• Canada MeSH