Vegetarian Diets in the Prevention and Treatment of Type 2 Diabetes
Language English Country United States Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article, Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't, Review
- Keywords
- diet, prevention, treatment, type 2 diabetes, vegetarian,
- MeSH
- Antioxidants administration & dosage MeSH
- Cholesterol blood MeSH
- Diabetes Mellitus, Type 2 blood diet therapy prevention & control MeSH
- Diet, Diabetic MeSH
- Diet, Vegetarian * MeSH
- Body Mass Index MeSH
- Insulin Resistance MeSH
- Blood Glucose metabolism MeSH
- Blood Pressure MeSH
- Quality of Life MeSH
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated administration & dosage MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Fatty Acids administration & dosage MeSH
- Micronutrients administration & dosage MeSH
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated administration & dosage MeSH
- Oxidative Stress MeSH
- Diet, Reducing MeSH
- Body Weight MeSH
- Triglycerides blood MeSH
- Vegetarians MeSH
- Check Tag
- Humans MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Research Support, Non-U.S. Gov't MeSH
- Review MeSH
- Names of Substances
- Antioxidants MeSH
- Cholesterol MeSH
- Blood Glucose MeSH
- Fatty Acids, Monounsaturated MeSH
- Fatty Acids MeSH
- Micronutrients MeSH
- Fatty Acids, Unsaturated MeSH
- Triglycerides MeSH
Observational studies show that prevalence of type 2 diabetes is 1.6 to 2 times lower in vegetarians than in the general population, even after adjustment for differences in body mass index (BMI). Clinical interventional trials demonstrated that vegetarian diets lead to a greater weight loss and greater reduction in fasting plasma glucose, HbA1c, blood lipids, and hypoglycemic medication than a conventional hypocaloric diet in subjects with type 2 diabetes. We found a greater reduction in visceral fat and greater improvements in insulin resistance and oxidative stress markers with a vegetarian compared to a conventional hypocaloric diabetic diet. Vegetarian diets are sustainable in the long term and may elicit desirable improvements not only in physical health but also in mental health. The American Dietetic Association states that well-planned vegetarian diets are healthy and nutritionally adequate and they may be beneficial in prevention and treatment of some illnesses. Larger clinical trials are needed to confirm the effectiveness and promote the inclusion of vegetarian diets in dietary guidelines for prevention and treatment of type 2 diabetes.
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