Pancreatic cancer is one of the most fatal malignancies with increasing incidence and high mortality. Possibilities for early diagnosis are limited and there is currently no efficient therapy. Molecular markers that have been introduced into diagnosis and treatment of other solid tumors remain unreciprocated in this disease. Recent discoveries have shown that certain microRNAs (miRNAs) take part in fundamental molecular processes associated with pancreatic cancer initiation and progression including cell cycle, DNA repair, apoptosis, invasivity, and metastasis. The mechanism involves both positive and negative regulation of expression of protooncogenes and tumor suppressor genes. Various miRNAs are expressed at different levels among normal pancreatic tissue, chronic pancreatitis, and pancreatic cancer and may therefore serve as a tool to differentiate chronic pancreatitis from early stages of cancer. Other miRNAs can indicate the probable course of the disease or determine the survival prognosis. In addition, there is a growing interest directed at the understanding of miRNA-induced molecular mechanisms. The possibility of intervention in the molecular mechanisms of miRNAs regulation could begin a new generation of pancreatic cancer therapies. This review summarizes the recent reports describing functions of miRNAs in cellular processes underlying pancreatic cancerogenesis and their utility in diagnosis, survival prognosis, and therapy.

Center for Applied Genomics of Solid Tumors Genomac Research Institute Drnovska 1112 60 161 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Center for Applied Genomics of Solid Tumors Genomac Research Institute Drnovska 1112 60 161 00 Prague 6 Czech Republic ; Internal Clinic 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Central Military Hospital Military Faculty Hospital U Vojenske Nemocnice 1200 169 02 Prague 6 Czech Republic

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The Role of Circulating MicroRNAs in Patients with Early-Stage Pancreatic Adenocarcinoma

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