Psoriasis is associated with metabolic activity of adipose tissue which produces pro- and anti-inflammatory adipokines. Goeckerman therapy (GT) represents an effective treatment of psoriasis. This study evaluated variation of selected inflammatory and metabolic markers during GT and the relationships between the markers, severity of the disease (PASI score), body mass, and the basic characteristics of the therapy. The study was conducted on a group of patients (n = 32) and on a control group (n = 24). Before GT, we found significantly elevated levels of proinflammatory CRP (p < 0.001) and leptin (p < 0.05) in psoriatic patients (compared to the controls). The therapy significantly decreased the levels of CRP and adiponectin. We found positive correlations between CRP and total duration of GT (p < 0.05) and CRP and the time of UV exposure (p < 0.01) and negative correlations between adiponectin and the total duration of GT (p < 0.05) and adiponectin and the application of CCT ointment (p < 0.001). From our results, we can conclude that GT causes partial reduction of both proinflammatory and anti-inflammatory markers. However, the levels of proinflammatory CRP and leptin remained significantly higher in the patients than in the control group.

Department of Dermatology and Venereal Diseases University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 50005 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Department of Transfusion Medicine University Hospital Hradec Kralove Sokolska 581 50005 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Institute of Clinical Immunology and Allergology University Hospital Hradec Kralove Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Charles University Prague Sokolska 581 50005 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Institute of Hygiene and Preventive Medicine Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Charles University Prague Sokolska 581 50005 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Institute of Pathological Physiology Faculty of Medicine in Hradec Kralove Charles University Prague Sokolska 581 50005 Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Enerbäck C. Soluble biomarkers in psoriasis. European Journal of Dermatology. 2011;21(6):844–850. doi: 10.1684/ejd.2011.1482. PubMed DOI

Cordiali-Fei P., Bianchi L., Bonifati C., et al. Immunologic biomarkers for clinical and therapeutic management of psoriasis. Mediators of Inflammation. 2014;2014:11. doi: 10.1155/2014/236060.236060 PubMed DOI PMC

Christophers E. Psoriasis—epidemiology and clinical spectrum. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2001;26(4):314–320. doi: 10.1046/j.1365-2230.2001.00832.x. PubMed DOI

Baran A., Flisiak I., Jaroszewicz J., Świderska M. Serum adiponectin and leptin levels in psoriatic patients according to topical treatment. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2015 doi: 10.3109/09546634.2014.915917. PubMed DOI

Ryan C., Kirby B. Psoriasis is a systemic disease with multiple cardiovascular and metabolic comorbidities. Dermatologic Clinics. 2015;33(1):41–55. doi: 10.1016/j.det.2014.09.004. PubMed DOI

Litvinova L., Atochin D., Vasilenko M., et al. Role of adiponectin and proinflammatory gene expression in adipose tissue chronic inflammation in women with metabolic syndrome. Diabetology & Metabolic Syndrome. 2014;6(1):p. 137. doi: 10.1186/1758-5996-6-137. PubMed DOI PMC

Blüher M., Mantzoros C. S. From leptin to other adipokines in health and disease: facts and expectations at the beginning of the 21st century. Metabolism: Clinical and Experimental. 2015;64(1):131–145. doi: 10.1016/j.metabol.2014.10.016. PubMed DOI

Kwon H., Pessin J. E. Adipokines mediate inflammation and insulin resistance. Frontiers in Endocrinology. 2013;4, article 71 doi: 10.3389/fendo.2013.00071. PubMed DOI PMC

Coimbra S., Santos-Silva A. Biomarkers of psoriasis severity and therapy monitoring. World Journal of Dermatology. 2014;3(2):15–27.

Ctirad A., Lenka B., David P., et al. Goeckerman's therapy for psoriasis with special reference to serum pentraxin 3 level. International Journal of Dermatology. 2008;47(10):1011–1014. doi: 10.1111/j.1365-4632.2008.03666.x. PubMed DOI

Orseth M. L., Cropley T. G. What's in a name? Goeckerman therapy. JAMA Dermatology. 2013;149(12):p. 1409. doi: 10.1001/jamadermatol.2013.7477. PubMed DOI

Borska L., Fiala Z., Andrys C., et al. Goeckerman's regimen: genotoxic, pro-apoptotic, anti-inflamatory and anti-angiogenic effect. In: Columbus F., editor. Dermatology Research. Focus on Acne, Melanoma, and Psoriasis. Hauppauge, NY, USA: Nova Science Publishers; 2010. pp. 141–165.

Ranna D., Andrys C., Krejsek J., et al. Elevated levels of circulating biomarkers of cell death (nucleosomes) in the patients with plaque psoriasis treated with the Goeckerman regimen. Bratislavske Lekarske Listy. 2014;115(4):229–232. doi: 10.4149/bll_2014_047. PubMed DOI

Moscaliuc M. L., Heller M. M., Lee E. S., Koo J. Goeckerman therapy: a very effective, yet often forgotten treatment for severe generalized psoriasis. Journal of Dermatological Treatment. 2013;24(1):34–37. doi: 10.3109/09546634.2012.658014. PubMed DOI

IARC. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Agents Classified by the IARC Monographs. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer; 2014.

Borska L., Andrys C., Krejsek J., et al. Serum level of antibody against benzo[a]pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-DNA adducts in people dermally exposed to PAHs. Journal of Immunology Research. 2014;2014:6. doi: 10.1155/2014/834389.834389 PubMed DOI PMC

IARC. IARC Monographs on the Evaluation of Carcinogenic Risks to Humans. Radiation. 100D. Lyon, France: International Agency for Research on Cancer (IARC); 2012. PubMed PMC

Hannuksela-Svahn A., Pukkala E., Läärä E., Poikolainen K., Karvonen J. Psoriasis, its treatment, and cancer in a cohort of finnish patients. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2000;114(3):587–590. doi: 10.1046/j.1523-1747.2000.00898.x. PubMed DOI

Wang S. S., Flowers C. R., Kadin M. E., et al. Medical history, lifestyle, family history, and occupational risk factors for peripheral T-cell lymphomas: the InterLymph Non-Hodgkin Lymphoma Subtypes Project. Journal of the National Cancer Institute: Monographs. 2014;2014(48):66–75. doi: 10.1093/jncimonographs/lgu012. PubMed DOI PMC

Roelofzen J. H., Aben K. K., van de Kerkhof P. C., van der Valk P. G., Kiemeney L. A. Dermatological exposure to coal tar and bladder cancer risk: a case-control study. Urologic Oncology. 2015;33(1):19–22. doi: 10.1016/j.urolonc.2013.12.006. PubMed DOI

Roelofzen J. H. J., Aben K. K. H., Oldenhof U. T. H., et al. No increased risk of cancer after coal tar treatment in patients with psoriasis or eczema. The Journal of Investigative Dermatology. 2010;130(4):953–961. doi: 10.1038/jid.2009.389. PubMed DOI

Paghdal K. V., Schwartz R. A. Topical tar: back to the future. Journal of the American Academy of Dermatology. 2009;61(2):294–302. doi: 10.1016/j.jaad.2008.11.024. PubMed DOI

Borska L., Andrys C., Krejsek J., et al. Oxidative damage to nucleic acids and benzo(a)pyrene-7,8-diol-9,10-epoxide-DNA adducts and chromosomal aberration in children with psoriasis repeatedly exposed to crude coal tar ointment and UV radiation. Oxidative Medicine and Cellular Longevity. 2014;2014:10. doi: 10.1155/2014/302528.302528 PubMed DOI PMC

de Rie M. A., Goedkoop A. Y., Bos J. D. Overview of psoriasis. Dermatologic Therapy. 2004;17(5):341–349. doi: 10.1111/j.1396-0296.2004.04037.x. PubMed DOI

Oh Y. J., Lim H. K., Choi J. H., Lee J. W., Kim N. I. Serum leptin and adiponectin levels in Korean patients with psoriasis. Journal of Korean Medical Science. 2014;29(5):729–734. doi: 10.3346/jkms.2014.29.5.729. PubMed DOI PMC

Rajappa M., Rathika S., Munisamy M., Chandrashekar L., Thappa D. M. Effect of treatment with methotrexate and coal tar on adipokine levels and indices of insulin resistance and sensitivity in patients with psoriasis vulgaris. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2015;29(1):69–76. doi: 10.1111/jdv.12451. PubMed DOI

Zhu K.-J., Zhang C., Li M., Zhu C.-Y., Shi G., Fan Y.-M. Leptin levels in patients with psoriasis: a meta-analysis. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2013;38(5):478–483. doi: 10.1111/ced.12171. PubMed DOI

Li R. C., Krishnamoorthy P., DerOhannessian S., et al. Psoriasis is associated with decreased plasma adiponectin levels independently of cardiometabolic risk factors. Clinical and Experimental Dermatology. 2014;39(1):19–24. doi: 10.1111/ced.12250. PubMed DOI PMC

Coimbra S., Oliveira H., Reis F., et al. Circulating adipokine levels in Portuguese patients with psoriasis vulgaris according to body mass index, severity and therapy. Journal of the European Academy of Dermatology and Venereology. 2010;24(12):1386–1394. doi: 10.1111/j.1468-3083.2010.03647.x. PubMed DOI

Özdemir M., Yüksel M., Gökbel H., Okudan N., Mevlitoğlu I. Serum leptin, adiponectin, resistin and ghrelin levels in psoriatic patients treated with cyclosporin. The Journal of Dermatology. 2012;39(5):443–448. doi: 10.1111/j.1346-8138.2011.01497.x. PubMed DOI

Zhu K.-J., Shi G., Zhang C., Li M., Zhu C.-Y., Fan Y.-M. Adiponectin levels in patients with psoriasis: a meta-analysis. The Journal of Dermatology. 2013;40(6):438–442. doi: 10.1111/1346-8138.12121. PubMed DOI

Corbetta S., Angioni R., Cattaneo A., Becke-Peccoz P., Spada A. Effects of retinoid therapy on insulin sensitivity, lipid profile and circulating adipocytokines. European Journal of Endocrinology. 2006;154(1):83–86. doi: 10.1530/eje.1.02057. PubMed DOI

Kawashima K., Torii K., Furuhashi T., et al. Phototherapy reduces serum resistin levels in psoriasis patients. Photodermatology Photoimmunology and Photomedicine. 2011;27(3):152–155. doi: 10.1111/j.1600-0781.2011.00575.x. PubMed DOI

Kondelkova K., Krejsek J., Borska L., et al. Membrane and soluble Toll-like receptor 2 in patients with psoriasis treated by Goeckerman therapy. International Journal of Dermatology. 2014;53(11):512–517. doi: 10.1111/ijd.12381. PubMed DOI

Yan Z., Zhang H., Maher C., et al. Prenatal polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbon, adiposity, peroxisome proliferator-activated receptor (PPAR) γ methylation in offspring, grand-offspring mice. PLoS ONE. 2014;9(10) doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0110706.e110706 PubMed DOI PMC

Irigaray P., Belpomme D. Basic properties and molecular mechanisms of exogenous chemical carcinogens. Carcinogenesis. 2010;31(2):135–148. doi: 10.1093/carcin/bgp252. PubMed DOI

Irigaray P., Lacomme S., Mejean L., Belpomme D. Ex vivo study of incorporation into adipocytes and lipolysis-inhibition effect of polycyclic aromatic hydrocarbons. Toxicology Letters. 2009;187(1):35–39. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2009.01.021. PubMed DOI

Irigaray P., Ogier V., Jacquenet S., et al. Benzo[a]pyrene impairs β-adrenergic stimulation of adipose tissue lipolysis and causes weight gain in mice: a novel molecular mechanism of toxicity for a common food pollutant. The FEBS Journal. 2006;273(7):1362–1372. doi: 10.1111/j.1742-4658.2006.05159.x. PubMed DOI

Ortiz L., Nakamura B., Li X., Blumberg B., Luderer U. Reprint of ‘in utero exposure to benzo[a]pyrene increases adiposity and causes hepatic steatosis in female mice, and glutathione deficiency is protective’. Toxicology. 2014;230(2):314–321. doi: 10.1016/j.toxlet.2013.11.017. PubMed DOI

Aging in psoriasis vulgaris: female patients are epigenetically older than healthy controls

Alarmins HMGB1, IL-33, S100A7, and S100A12 in Psoriasis Vulgaris

Metabolic Syndrome and Selective Inflammatory Markers in Psoriatic Patients