Continuous energy supply, a necessary condition for life, excites a state far from thermodynamic equilibrium, in particular coherent electric polar vibrations depending on water ordering in the cell. Disturbances in oxidative metabolism and coherence are a central issue in cancer development. Oxidative metabolism may be impaired by decreased pyruvate transfer to the mitochondrial matrix, either by parasitic consumption and/or mitochondrial dysfunction. This can in turn lead to disturbance in water molecules' ordering, diminished power, and coherence of the electromagnetic field. In tumors with the Warburg (reverse Warburg) effect, mitochondrial dysfunction affects cancer cells (fibroblasts associated with cancer cells), and the electromagnetic field generated by microtubules in cancer cells has low power (high power due to transport of energy-rich metabolites from fibroblasts), disturbed coherence, and a shifted frequency spectrum according to changed power. Therapeutic strategies restoring mitochondrial function may trigger apoptosis in treated cells; yet, before this step is performed, induction (inhibition) of pyruvate dehydrogenase kinases (phosphatases) may restore the cancer state. In tumor tissues with the reverse Warburg effect, Caveolin-1 levels should be restored and the transport of energy-rich metabolites interrupted to cancer cells. In both cancer phenotypes, achieving permanently reversed mitochondrial dysfunction with metabolic-modulating drugs may be an effective, specific anti-cancer strategy.

Clinical Biophysics International Research Group via Maggio 21 Lugano 6900 Switzerland

Department of Obstetrics and Gynaecology 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Apolinářská 18 128 00 Prague 2 Czech Republic

Faculty of Biomedical Engineering Czech Technical University in Kladno Sitná Square 3105 272 01 Kladno Czech Republic

Faculty of Electrical Engineering Czech Technical University Prague Technická 2 166 27 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Institute of Photonics and Electronics Czech Academy of Sciences Chaberská 57 182 51 Prague 8 Czech Republic

Institute of Physics Czech Academy of Sciences Na Slovance 2 182 21 Prague 8 Czech Republic

Institute of Translational Pharmacology National Research Council CNR Via Fosso del Cavaliere 100 Rome 00133 Italy

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