Elevated resting heart rate (RHR) has been associated with increased risk of mortality and cardiovascular events. Limited data are available so far in type 2 diabetic (T2DM) subjects with no study focusing on progressive renal decline specifically. Aims of our study were to verify RHR as a simple and reliable predictor of adverse disease outcomes in T2DM patients. A total of 421 T2DM patients with variable baseline stage of diabetic kidney disease (DKD) were prospectively followed. A history of the cardiovascular disease was present in 81 (19.2%) patients at baseline, and DKD (glomerular filtration rate < 60 mL/min or proteinuria) was present in 328 (77.9%) at baseline. Progressive renal decline was defined as a continuous rate of glomerular filtration rate loss ≥ 3.3% per year. Resting heart rate was not significantly higher in subjects with cardiovascular disease or DKD at baseline compared to those without. Using time-to-event analyses, significant differences in the cumulative incidence of the studied outcomes, that is, progression of DKD (and specifically progressive renal decline), major advanced cardiovascular event, and all-cause mortality, between RHR

2nd Department of Internal Medicine St Anne's University Hospital Pekařská 53 65691 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Internal Medicine Gastroenterology University Hospital Brno Jihlavská 20 62500 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Pathophysiology Medical Faculty Masaryk University Brno Kamenice 5 62500 Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Biostatistics and Analyses Masaryk University Brno Kamenice 126 3 62500 Brno Czech Republic

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