The monitoring of body mass (BM), plasma sodium concentration ([Na⁺]) and urinary specific gravity (Usg) are commonly used to help detect and prevent over- or dehydration in endurance athletes. We investigated pre-and post-race hydration status in 113 amateur 24-h ultra-runners, 100-km ultra-runners, multi-stage mountain bikers and 24-h mountain bikers, which drank ad libitum without any intervention and compared results of hyponatremic and non-hyponatremic finishers. On average, pre-race plasma [Na⁺] and both pre- and post-race levels of Usg and BM were not significantly different between both groups. However, nearly 86% of the post-race hyponatremic (exercise-associated hyponatremia, EAH) and 68% of the normonatremic (non-EAH) ultra-athletes probably drank prior the race greater volumes than their thirst dictated regarding to individual pre-race Usg levels. Fluid intake during the race was equal and was not related to plasma [Na⁺], Usg or BM changes. A significant decrease in post-race plasma [Na⁺], BM and an increasement in post-race Usg was observed in EAH and non-EAH finishers. Moreover, pre-race plasma [Na⁺] was inversely associated with post-race percentage change in plasma [Na⁺], and pre-race Usg and urinary [Na⁺] with percentage change in Usg in both groups with and without post-race EAH. Thirteen (11.5%) finishers developed post-race EAH (plasma [Na⁺] < 135 mM). The incidence of EAH in ultra-endurance athletes competing in the Czech Republic was higher than reported previously.

1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Centre of Sports Activities Brno University of Technology Brno Czech Republic

Institute of Primary Care University of Zurich Zurich Switzerland

References provided by Crossref.org

Exercise-Associated Hyponatremia in Endurance and Ultra-Endurance Performance-Aspects of Sex, Race Location, Ambient Temperature, Sports Discipline, and Length of Performance: A Narrative Review

Maintained Hydration Status After a 24-h Winter Mountain Running Race Under Extremely Cold Conditions

Reported Hydration Beliefs and Behaviors without Effect on Plasma Sodium in Endurance Athletes