Still NAAG'ing After All These Years: The Continuing Pursuit of GCPII Inhibitors
Jazyk angličtina Země Spojené státy americké Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, přehledy
Grantová podpora
R01 CA161056
NCI NIH HHS - United States
PubMed
27288079
DOI
10.1016/bs.apha.2016.01.007
PII: S1054-3589(16)30006-0
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- GCPII, Glutamate, NAAG, NAAG peptidase, NAALADase, NMDA, NR2A, NR2B, mGlu3,
- MeSH
- antigeny povrchové MeSH
- dipeptidy metabolismus MeSH
- glutamátkarboxypeptidasa II antagonisté a inhibitory MeSH
- kyselina glutamová metabolismus MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- neuroglie metabolismus MeSH
- neurotransmiterové látky metabolismus MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
- Názvy látek
- antigeny povrchové MeSH
- dipeptidy MeSH
- FOLH1 protein, human MeSH Prohlížeč
- glutamátkarboxypeptidasa II MeSH
- isospaglumic acid MeSH Prohlížeč
- kyselina glutamová MeSH
- neurotransmiterové látky MeSH
Nearly two decades ago, Joe Coyle published a single-authored review with the provocative title, The Nagging Question of the Function of N-Acetylaspartylglutamate (Coyle, 1997). In this review, Coyle documented NAAG's localization to subpopulations of glutamatergic, cholinergic, GABAergic, and noradrenergic neurons, Ca(2+)-dependent release, mGlu3 receptor agonist and NMDA receptor antagonist activity, and cleavage by the glial enzyme glutamate carboxypeptidase II (GCPII). However, at the time of his review, NAAG's physiological function as a neurotransmitter remained elusive. Ironically his review was published months following the discovery of the first potent and selective GCPII inhibitor, 2-(phosphonomethyl)pentanedioc acid (2-PMPA) (Jackson et al., 1996). Over the ensuing decades, over a dozen independent laboratories used 2-PMPA and other GCPII inhibitors to elucidate two distinct neurotransmitter functions for NAAG. Under basal conditions, when GCPII activity is relatively low, intact NAAG dampens synaptic activity via presynaptic mGlu3 receptor activation and NMDA receptor blockade. However, under stimulated conditions, NAAG release and GCPII activity are enhanced resulting in excess glutamate generation, activating NMDA and other glutamate receptors, often pathologically. Diverse classes of GCPII inhibitors have been synthesized and shown to increase NAAG, decrease glutamate, and provide robust efficacy in many disease models wherein abnormal glutamatergic transmission is presumed pathogenic. In addition, over the past 20 years, basic questions regarding NAAG's synthesis, packaging into vesicles, and receptor selectivity profile have been eloquently elucidated. The purpose of this chapter is to summarize these advances and the promise of regulating NAAG metabolism through GCPII inhibition as a therapeutic strategy.
Janssen Pharmaceuticals San Diego CA United States
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD United States
Johns Hopkins School of Medicine Baltimore MD United States; Medpace Cincinnati OH United States
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