BACKGROUND: The aim of our study was to compare spatiotemporal parameters and lower limb and pelvis kinematics during the walking in patients with hallux valgus before and after surgery and in relation to a control group. METHODS: Seventeen females with hallux valgus, who underwent first metatarsal osteotomy, constituted our experimental group. The control group consisted of thirteen females. Kinematic data during walking were obtained using the Vicon MX system. FINDINGS: Our results showed that hallux valgus before surgery affects spatiotemporal parameters and lower limb and pelvis kinematics during walking. Hallux valgus surgery further increased the differences that were present before surgery. Specifically after hallux valgus surgery, the walking speed decreased even more (p=0.09, η2=0.19) while step time increased (p=0.002, η2=0.44) on both legs. The maximum ankle plantar flexion of the operated leg during toe-off decreased to a greater extend (p=0.03, η2=0.26). The asymmetry in the hip and the pelvis movements in the frontal plane (present preoperatively) persisted after surgery. INTERPRETATION: Hallux valgus is not an isolated problem of the first ray, which could be just surgically addressed by correcting the foot's alignment. It is a long-term progressive malfunction of the foot affecting the entire kinematic chain of the lower extremity.

Biomechanics Research Building Center for Research in Human Movement Variability University of Nebraska at Omaha 6160 University Drive South 68182 Omaha NE USA

Department of Natural Sciences in Kinanthropology Faculty of Physical Culture Palacky University Olomouc Tr Miru 115 771 11 Olomouc Czech Republic

Military Hospital Pasteurova 13 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic

The Czech Republic Centre for Evidence Based Healthcare A Joanna Briggs Institute Centre of Excellence Department of Social Medicine and Public Health Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University Olomouc Hnevotinska 3 779 00 Olomouc Czech Republic

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