Species of the Fusarium fujikuroi species complex (FFC) cause a wide spectrum of often devastating diseases on diverse agricultural crops, including coffee, fig, mango, maize, rice, and sugarcane. Although species within the FFC are difficult to distinguish by morphology, and their genes often share 90% sequence similarity, they can differ in host plant specificity and life style. FFC species can also produce structurally diverse secondary metabolites (SMs), including the mycotoxins fumonisins, fusarins, fusaric acid, and beauvericin, and the phytohormones gibberellins, auxins, and cytokinins. The spectrum of SMs produced can differ among closely related species, suggesting that SMs might be determinants of host specificity. To date, genomes of only a limited number of FFC species have been sequenced. Here, we provide draft genome sequences of three more members of the FFC: a single isolate of F. mangiferae, the cause of mango malformation, and two isolates of F. proliferatum, one a pathogen of maize and the other an orchid endophyte. We compared these genomes to publicly available genome sequences of three other FFC species. The comparisons revealed species-specific and isolate-specific differences in the composition and expression (in vitro and in planta) of genes involved in SM production including those for phytohormome biosynthesis. Such differences have the potential to impact host specificity and, as in the case of F. proliferatum, the pathogenic versus endophytic life style.

Centre of the Region Hana for Biotechnological and Agricultural Research Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Energy Joint Genome Institute University of California Walnut Creek Berkeley California

Department of Genome oriented Bioinformatics Wissenschaftszentrum Weihenstephan Technische Universität München Maximus von Imhof Forum 3 Freising Germany

Department of Microbiology Faculty of Biology Lomonosov Moscow State University Moscow Russia

Department of Molecular Biology and Ecology of Plants Tel Aviv University Tel Aviv Israel

Department of Plant Pathology and Weed Research Agricultural Research Organization The Volcani Center Bet Dagan Israel

Institut für Biologie und Biotechnologie der Pflanzen Molecular Biology and Biotechnology of Fungi Westfälische Wilhelms Universität Münster Münster Germany

Institute of Bioinformatics and Systems Biology Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health Neuherberg Germany

Plant Pathology Research Institute Agricultural Research Center Giza Egypt

Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn Kekulé Institut für Organische Chemie und Biochemie Germany

United States Department of Agriculture National Center for Agricultural Utilization Research Peoria Illinois

University of Amsterdam Swammerdam Institute for Life Sciences Plant Pathology Amsterdam The Netherlands

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