The implementation of targeted and nontargeted chemical screening analysis in combination with in vitro and organism-level bioassays is a prerequisite for a more holistic monitoring of water quality in the future. For chemical analysis, little or no sample enrichment is often sufficient, while bioanalysis often requires larger sample volumes at a certain enrichment factor for conducting comprehensive bioassays on different endpoints or further effect-directed analysis (EDA). To avoid logistic and technical issues related to the storage and transport of large volumes of water, sampling would benefit greatly from onsite extraction. This study presents a novel onsite large volume solid phase extraction (LVSPE) device tailored to fulfill the requirements for the successful effect-based and chemical screening of water resources and complies with available international standards for automated sampling devices. Laboratory recovery experiments using 251 organic compounds in the log D range from -3.6 to 9.4 (at pH7.0) spiked into pristine water resulted in acceptable recoveries and from 60 to 123% for 159 out of 251 substances. Within a European-wide demonstration program, the LVSPE was able to enrich compounds in concentration ranges over three orders of magnitude (1ngL-1 to 2400ngL-1). It was possible to discriminate responsive samples from samples with no or only low effects in a set of six different bioassays (i.e. acetylcholinesterase and algal growth inhibition, androgenicity, estrogenicity, fish embryo toxicity, glucocorticoid activity). The LVSPE thus proved applicable for onsite extraction of sufficient amounts of water to investigate water quality thoroughly by means of chemical analysis and effect-based tools without the common limitations due to small sample volumes.

Eawag Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology 8600 Dubendorf Switzerland

Eawag Swiss Federal Institute for Aquatic Science and Technology 8600 Dubendorf Switzerland; ETH Zurich Institute of Biogeochemistry and Pollutant Dynamics 8092 Zurich Switzerland

Environmental Institute s r o Okružná 784 42 972 41 Koš Slovak Republic

Institut National de l'Environnement Industriel et des Risques INERIS Unité d'Ecotoxicologie 60550 Verneuil en Halatte France

MAXX Mess u Probenahmetechnik GmbH Hechinger Straße 41 72414 Rangendingen Germany

MAXX Mess u Probenahmetechnik GmbH Hechinger Straße 41 72414 Rangendingen Germany; Masaryk University Faculty of Science RECETOX Kamenice 753 5 625 00 Brno Czech Republic

Norwegian Institute for Water Research PO Box 5003 N 1432 Ås Norway

Ruđer Bošković Institute Division for Marine and Environmental Research Bijenička cesta 54 10000 Zagreb Croatia

RWTH Aachen University Department of Ecosystem Analyses Institute for Environmental Research Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany

UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Permoserstrasse 15 04318 Leipzig Germany

UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Permoserstrasse 15 04318 Leipzig Germany; Norwegian Institute for Water Research PO Box 1033 Blindern N 0316 Oslo Norway

UFZ Helmholtz Centre for Environmental Research Permoserstrasse 15 04318 Leipzig Germany; RWTH Aachen University Department of Ecosystem Analyses Institute for Environmental Research Worringerweg 1 52074 Aachen Germany

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org

Bioanalytical and chemical characterization of organic micropollutant mixtures in long-term exposed passive samplers from the Joint Danube Survey 4: Setting a baseline for water quality monitoring