Legacy and alternative halogenated flame retardants in human milk in Europe: Implications for children's health
Language English Country Netherlands Media print-electronic
Document type Journal Article
PubMed
28843142
DOI
10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.008
PII: S0160-4120(17)30691-8
Knihovny.cz E-resources
- Keywords
- Alternative flame retardants, Developmental neurotoxicants, Human milk, Infant exposure, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers,
- MeSH
- Bromobenzenes analysis MeSH
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Halogenation MeSH
- Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers analysis MeSH
- Breast Feeding MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Milk, Human chemistry MeSH
- Flame Retardants adverse effects analysis MeSH
- Child Health * MeSH
- Check Tag
- Child MeSH
- Adult MeSH
- Humans MeSH
- Female MeSH
- Publication type
- Journal Article MeSH
- Geographicals
- Europe MeSH
- Netherlands MeSH
- Norway MeSH
- Slovakia MeSH
- Names of Substances
- 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether MeSH Browser
- Bromobenzenes MeSH
- Halogenated Diphenyl Ethers MeSH
- Flame Retardants MeSH
In this study, 10 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 19 alternative halogenated flame retardants (AFRs) were determined in >450 human milk samples across three European countries, representing northern, western and eastern Europe. This study provides first insights into the occurrence of selected AFRs in mother milk samples and compares them among three European countries. Sums of median concentrations of the most frequently detected PBDEs were 2.16, 0.88 and 0.45ngg-1 lipid weight (lw) in Norway, the Netherlands and Slovakia, respectively. The sum of the concentrations of AFRs ranged from 0.14 to 0.25ngg-1lw in all countries, which was 2 to 15 times less compared to Σ7PBDEs. The Penta-BDE replacement, bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate, BEH-TEBP, was present at the greatest concentrations of any of the AFRs and in some samples exceeded concentrations of BDE 47 and BDE 153. Four AFRs including bromobenzenes (hexabromobenzene, pentabromobenzene, pentabromotoluene) and another Penta-BDE replacement (2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate, EH-TBB) were detected in >42% of all human milk samples. Because of the potential developmental neurotoxicity of the halogenated flame retardants, infant dietary intakes via breastfeeding were estimated; in four cases the intakes of BDE 47 exceeded the reference dose indicating that the present concentrations may pose a risk for children.
Department of Environmental Medicine Slovak Medical University Limbová 12 83303 Bratislava Slovakia
Norwegian Institute of Public Health Lovisenberggata 8 0403 Oslo Norway
References provided by Crossref.org
Has Regulatory Action Reduced Human Exposure to Flame Retardants?
