Legacy and alternative halogenated flame retardants in human milk in Europe: Implications for children's health
Jazyk angličtina Země Nizozemsko Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články
PubMed
28843142
DOI
10.1016/j.envint.2017.08.008
PII: S0160-4120(17)30691-8
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- Alternative flame retardants, Developmental neurotoxicants, Human milk, Infant exposure, Polybrominated diphenyl ethers,
- MeSH
- brombenzeny analýza MeSH
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- halogenace MeSH
- halogenované difenylethery analýza MeSH
- kojení MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- mateřské mléko chemie MeSH
- retardanty hoření škodlivé účinky analýza MeSH
- zdraví dítěte * MeSH
- Check Tag
- dítě MeSH
- dospělí MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- ženské pohlaví MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- Geografické názvy
- Evropa MeSH
- Nizozemsko MeSH
- Norsko MeSH
- Slovenská republika MeSH
- Názvy látek
- 2,2',4,4'-tetrabromodiphenyl ether MeSH Prohlížeč
- brombenzeny MeSH
- halogenované difenylethery MeSH
- retardanty hoření MeSH
In this study, 10 polybrominated diphenyl ethers (PBDEs) and 19 alternative halogenated flame retardants (AFRs) were determined in >450 human milk samples across three European countries, representing northern, western and eastern Europe. This study provides first insights into the occurrence of selected AFRs in mother milk samples and compares them among three European countries. Sums of median concentrations of the most frequently detected PBDEs were 2.16, 0.88 and 0.45ngg-1 lipid weight (lw) in Norway, the Netherlands and Slovakia, respectively. The sum of the concentrations of AFRs ranged from 0.14 to 0.25ngg-1lw in all countries, which was 2 to 15 times less compared to Σ7PBDEs. The Penta-BDE replacement, bis(2-ethylhexyl) tetrabromophthalate, BEH-TEBP, was present at the greatest concentrations of any of the AFRs and in some samples exceeded concentrations of BDE 47 and BDE 153. Four AFRs including bromobenzenes (hexabromobenzene, pentabromobenzene, pentabromotoluene) and another Penta-BDE replacement (2-ethylhexyl-2,3,4,5-tetrabromobenzoate, EH-TBB) were detected in >42% of all human milk samples. Because of the potential developmental neurotoxicity of the halogenated flame retardants, infant dietary intakes via breastfeeding were estimated; in four cases the intakes of BDE 47 exceeded the reference dose indicating that the present concentrations may pose a risk for children.
Department of Environmental Medicine Slovak Medical University Limbová 12 83303 Bratislava Slovakia
Norwegian Institute of Public Health Lovisenberggata 8 0403 Oslo Norway
Citace poskytuje Crossref.org
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