Jaundice is a very common symptom especially in the developing countries. It is associated with several hepatic diseases which are still major causes of death. There are many different approaches to jaundice treatment and the growing number of ethnomedicinal studies shows the plant pharmacology as very promising direction. Many medicinal plants are used for the treatment of jaundice, however a comprehensive review on this subject has not been published. The use of medicinal plants in drug discovery is highly emphasized (based on their traditional and safe uses in different folk medicine systems from ancient times). Many sophisticated analytical techniques are emerging in the pharmaceutical field to validate and discover new biologically active chemical entities derived from plants. Here, we aim to classify and categorize medicinal plants relevant for the treatment of jaundice according to their origin, geographical location, and usage. Our search included various databases like Pubmed, ScienceDirect, Google Scholar. Keywords and phrases used for these searches included: "jaundice," "hyperbilirubinemia," "serum glutamate," "bilirubin," "Ayurveda." The first part of the review focuses on the variety of medicinal plant used for the treatment of jaundice (a total of 207 medicinal plants). In the second part, possible mechanisms of action of biologically active secondary metabolites of plants from five families for jaundice treatment are discussed.

Applied Biotechnology Research Center Baqiyatallah University of Medical SciencesTehran Iran

Department of Pharmaceutical Botany Iuliu Hatieganu University of Medicine and PharmacyCluj Napoca Romania

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences Faculty of Technology Kumaun UniversityNainital India

Department of Pharmacognosy University of ViennaVienna Austria

Department of Public Health Xi'an Jiaotong Liverpool UniversitySuzhou China

Department of Vascular Biology and Thrombosis Research Centre for Physiology and Pharmacology Medical University of ViennaVienna Austria

Division BIOCEV Institute of Molecular Genetics Academy of Sciences of the Czech RepublicPrague Czechia

ICHAT and Institute for Life Sciences University of Agricultural Sciences and Veterinary Medicine of Cluj NapocaCluj Napoca Romania

Institute of Genetics and Animal Breeding of the Polish Academy of SciencesJastrzebiec Poland

School of Medical Sciences Universiti Sains MalaysiaKota Bharu Malaysia

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