Multiparameter flow cytometry (MFC) has become standard in the management of patients with plasma cell (PC) dyscrasias, and could be considered mandatory in specific areas of routine clinical practice. It plays a significant role during the differential diagnostic work-up because of its fast and conclusive readout of PC clonality, and simultaneously provides prognostic information in most monoclonal gammopathies. Recent advances in the treatment and outcomes of multiple myeloma led to the implementation of new response criteria, including minimal residual disease (MRD) status as one of the most relevant clinical endpoints with the potential to act as surrogate for survival. Recent technical progress led to the development of next-generation flow (NGF) cytometry that represents a validated, highly sensitive, cost-effective and widely available technique for standardized MRD evaluation, which also could be used for the detection of circulating tumor cells. Here we review current applications of MFC and NGF in most PC disorders including the less frequent solitary plasmocytoma, light-chain amyloidosis or Waldenström macroglobulinemia.

Clinica Universidad de Navarra Centro de Investigacion Medica Aplicada IDISNA Pamplona Spain

Department of Clinical Haematology University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic

Department of Haematooncology University Hospital Ostrava and Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic

Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic

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Blood Cancer J. 2018 Jan 19;8(1):e621. doi: 10.1038/bcj.2017.101. PubMed

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Real-World Evidence on Prognostic Value of MRD in Multiple Myeloma Using Flow Cytometry

More Than 2% of Circulating Tumor Plasma Cells Defines Plasma Cell Leukemia-Like Multiple Myeloma

Involvement of Small Non-Coding RNA and Cell Antigens in Pathogenesis of Extramedullary Multiple Myeloma

Necessity of flow cytometry assessment of circulating plasma cells and its connection with clinical characteristics of primary and secondary plasma cell leukaemia