Rabies is a deadly viral disease with an extremely high fatality rate in humans. Previously, it was suggested that an enhancement of the blood-brain barrier (BBB) permeability, which allows immune cells and/or antibodies to enter the central nervous system (CNS) tissue, is critical to clear the infection. In this study, we utilised mannitol to increase BBB permeability in mice infected with highly pathogenic silver-haired bat rabies virus (SHBRV). We found that intraperitoneal injection of mannitol causes a slight, transient increase of BBB permeability in the treated mice. SHBRV-infected mice were treated with intraperitoneally administered mannitol daily from day 3 or day 4 post-infection, but no effect of this treatment on the time of disease onset, clinical signs or survival was observed. This data indicates that the increase of BBB permeability by mannitol is not efficient in promoting CNS virus clearance in SHBRV-infected mice.

Animal and Plant Health Agency Woodham Lane New Haw Surrey KT15 3NB UK; Institute of Infection and Global Health University of Liverpool 8 West Derby Street Liverpool L69 7BE UK

Department of Virology Veterinary Research Institute Hudcova 70 CZ 62100 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Virology Veterinary Research Institute Hudcova 70 CZ 62100 Brno Czech Republic; Institute of Parasitology Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Branisovska 31 CZ 37005 Ceske Budejovice Czech Republic

Laboratory of Virology and Chemotherapy Rega Institute for Medical Research University of Leuven 3000 Leuven Belgium

Unit Antiviral Strategies Institut Pasteur 25 Rue du Dr Roux 75724 Paris Cedex 15 France; Institut Pasteur de Guinée Gamal Abdel Nasser University Conakry Guinea

Viroscience Lab Erasmus Medical Center P O Box 2040 Ee1726 3000 CA Rotterdam The Netherlands

Viroscience Lab Erasmus Medical Center P O Box 2040 Ee1726 3000 CA Rotterdam The Netherlands; Artemis One Health Research Institute Molengraaffsingel 10 2629 JD Delft The Netherlands

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