Spasticity is a symptom occurring in many neurological conditions including stroke, multiple sclerosis, hypoxic brain damage, traumatic brain injury, tumours and heredodegenerative diseases. It affects large numbers of patients and may cause major disability. So far, spasticity has merely been described as part of the upper motor neurone syndrome or defined in a narrowed neurophysiological sense. This consensus organised by IAB-Interdisciplinary Working Group Movement Disorders wants to provide a brief and practical new definition of spasticity-for the first time-based on its various forms of muscle hyperactivity as described in the current movement disorders terminology. We propose the following new definition system: Spasticity describes involuntary muscle hyperactivity in the presence of central paresis. The involuntary muscle hyperactivity can consist of various forms of muscle hyperactivity: spasticity sensu strictu describes involuntary muscle hyperactivity triggered by rapid passive joint movements, rigidity involuntary muscle hyperactivity triggered by slow passive joint movements, dystonia spontaneous involuntary muscle hyperactivity and spasms complex involuntary movements usually triggered by sensory or acoustic stimuli. Spasticity can be described by a documentation system grouped along clinical picture (axis 1), aetiology (axis 2), localisation (axis 3) and additional central nervous system deficits (axis 4). Our new definition allows distinction of spasticity components accessible to BT therapy and those inaccessible. The documentation sheet presented provides essential information for planning of BT therapy.

Azienda Ospedaliera Santa Maria di Terni Terni Italy

Centre de Rééducation et Medicine Physique Hôpital du Jura Porrentruy Switzerland

Chulalongkorn Centre for Excellence on Parkinson's Disease and Related Disorders King Chulalongkorn Memorial Hospital Bangkok Thailand

Clinic 'Cecil Plus' Moscow Russia

Department of Neurology Hospital de Clínicas José de San Martín University of Buenos Aires Buenos Aires Argentina

Department of Neurology King Faisal Specialist Hospital Riyyad Kingdom of Saudi Arabia

Department of Neurology Ljubljana University Medical Centre Ljubljana Slovenia

Department of Neurology Palacky University Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Neurology Rheinische Friedrich Wilhelms Universität Bonn Germany

Department of Neurology Rostock University Rostock Germany

Department of Neurology University of Monterrey Monterrey Nueva Leon Mexico

Department of Neurology University of Santiago de Chile Santiago de Chile Chile

Department of Neurology University of Santo Tomas Hospital Manila Philippines

Department of Neurology University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil

Department of Neurology University of Tokushima Tokushima Japan

Department of Neurology University of Zagreb Zagreb Croatia

Federal State Hospital for Treatment and Rehabilitation of the Ministry of Health and Social Development of the Russian Federation Moscow Russia

Gailtal Klinik Hermagor Austria

Head of Movement Disorders Section Department of Neurology Hannover Medical School Carl Neuberg Str 1 30625 Hannover Germany

Helios Klinik Leezen Leezen Germany

IAB Interdisciplinary Working Group for Movement Disorders Hamburg Germany

Maternus Klinik für Rehabilitation Bad Oeynhausen Germany

Median Klinik Bad Salzuflen Bad Salzuflen Germany

Movement Disorders Clinic Department of Neurology Rasoul e Akram Hospital Iran University of Medical Sciences Tehran Iran

University of Sao Paulo Sao Paulo Brazil

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