Ancient mitochondrial DNA is used for tracing human past demographic events due to its population-level variability. The number of published ancient mitochondrial genomes has increased in recent years, alongside with the development of high-throughput sequencing and capture enrichment methods. Here, we present AmtDB, the first database of ancient human mitochondrial genomes. Release version contains 1107 hand-curated ancient samples, freely accessible for download, together with the individual descriptors, including geographic location, radiocarbon dating, and archaeological culture affiliation. The database also features an interactive map for sample location visualization. AmtDB is a key platform for ancient population genetic studies and is available at https://amtdb.org.

Department of Human Evolutionary Biology Institute of Anthropology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan Umultowska 89 61 614 Poznan Poland

Department of Human Evolutionary Biology Institute of Anthropology Faculty of Biology Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan Umultowska 89 61 614 Poznań Poland

Department of Informatics and Chemistry Faculty of Chemical Technology University of Chemistry and Technology Technická 5 166 28 Prague 6 Dejvice Czech Republic

Institute of Archaeology Faculty of History Adam Mickiewicz University in Poznan Umultowska 89D 61 614 Poznan Poland

Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR Vídenská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic

Institute of Molecular Genetics of the ASCR Vídeňská 1083 142 20 Prague 4 Czech Republic

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Ancient Mitochondrial Genomes Reveal the Absence of Maternal Kinship in the Burials of Çatalhöyük People and Their Genetic Affinities