In vitro brain tissue preparations allow the convenient and affordable study of brain networks and have allowed us to garner molecular, cellular, and electrophysiologic insights into brain function with a detail not achievable in vivo. Preparations from both rodent and human postsurgical tissue have been utilized to generate in vitro electrical activity similar to electrographic activity seen in patients with epilepsy. A great deal of knowledge about how brain networks generate various forms of epileptiform activity has been gained, but due to the multiple in vitro models and manipulations used, there is a need for a standardization across studies. Here, we describe epileptiform patterns generated using in vitro brain preparations, focusing on issues and best practices pertaining to recording, reporting, and interpretation of the electrophysiologic patterns observed. We also discuss criteria for defining in vitro seizure-like patterns (i.e., ictal) and interictal discharges. Unifying terminologies and definitions are proposed. We suggest a set of best practices for reporting in vitro studies to favor both efficient across-lab comparisons and translation to in vivo models and human studies.

Aix Marseille Univ INSERM INS Inst Neurosci Syst Marseille France

Department of Developmental Epileptology Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences Prague Czechia

Department of Epilepsy Movement Disorders and Physiology Kyoto University Graduate School of Medicine Kyoto Japan

Department of Neurology National Cheng Kung University Hospital College of Medicine National Cheng Kung University Tainan Taiwan

Department of Neuroscience Tufts University School of Medicine Boston Massachusetts U S A

Division of Cell Biology and Neuroscience Institute Department of Human Biology Faculty of Health Sciences University of Cape Town Cape Town South Africa

Epilepsy Unit Fondazione IRCCS Istituto Neurologico Carlo Besta Milano Italy

Flocel Inc and Case Western Reserve University Cleveland Ohio U S A

Laboratory of Developmental Epilepsy Saul R Korey Department of Neurology Isabelle Rapin Division of Child Neurology Dominick P Purpura Department of Neuroscience Albert Einstein College of Medicine and Einstein Montefiore Epilepsy Center Montefiore Medical Center Bronx New York U S A

The Departments of Neurology and Pediatrics University of Virginia Charlottesville Virginia U S A

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Epilepsy Research in the Institute of Physiology of the Czech Academy of Sciences in Prague

In vitro human cell culture models in a bench-to-bedside approach to epilepsy