The dark matter of the brain
Jazyk angličtina Země Německo Médium print-electronic
Typ dokumentu časopisecké články, přehledy
PubMed
30659350
DOI
10.1007/s00429-019-01835-7
PII: 10.1007/s00429-019-01835-7
Knihovny.cz E-zdroje
- Klíčová slova
- Brain evolution, Schizophrenia; disinhibition; neuronal plasticity, Silent neurons, Synchronous activity, fMRI,
- MeSH
- biologická evoluce MeSH
- lidé MeSH
- modely u zvířat MeSH
- mozek cytologie diagnostické zobrazování fyziologie MeSH
- neurony fyziologie MeSH
- neuroplasticita fyziologie MeSH
- neurozobrazování MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Check Tag
- lidé MeSH
- zvířata MeSH
- Publikační typ
- časopisecké články MeSH
- přehledy MeSH
The bulk of brain energy expenditure is allocated for maintenance of perpetual intrinsic activity of neurons and neural circuits. Long-term electrophysiological and neuroimaging studies in anesthetized and behaving animals show, however, that the great majority of nerve cells in the intact brain do not fire action potentials, i.e., are permanently silent. Herein, I review emerging data suggesting massive redundancy of nerve cells in mammalian nervous system, maintained in inhibited state at high energetic costs. Acquired in the course of evolution, these collections of dormant neurons and circuits evade routine functional undertakings, and hence, keep out of the reach of natural selection. Under penetrating stress and disease, however, they occasionally switch in active state and drive a variety of neuro-psychiatric symptoms and behavioral abnormalities. The increasing evidence for widespread occurrence of silent neurons warrants careful revision of functional models of the brain and entails unforeseen reserves for rehabilitation and plasticity.
Faculty of Medicine at Charles University 116 36 Prague Czech Republic
Institute for Biological and Medical Imaging Helmholtz Zentrum Munich Neuherberg Germany
International Centre for Neurotherapeutics Dublin City University Dublin Republic of Ireland
Munich School of Bioengineering Technical University Munich Munich Germany
National Institute of Mental Health Topolová 748 250 67 Klecany Czech Republic