Ecological effects of alien species can be dramatic, but management and prevention of negative impacts are often hindered by crypticity of the species or their ecological functions. Ecological functions can change dramatically over time, or manifest after long periods of an innocuous presence. Such cryptic processes may lead to an underestimation of long-term impacts and constrain management effectiveness. Here, we present a conceptual framework of crypticity in biological invasions. We identify the underlying mechanisms, provide evidence of their importance, and illustrate this phenomenon with case studies. This framework has potential to improve the recognition of the full risks and impacts of invasive species.

Berlin Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research Altensteinstrasse 34 14195 Berlin Germany; Technical University of Berlin Rothenburgstrasse 12 D 12165 Berlin Germany

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Hydrobiology Na Sádkách 702 7 370 05 České Budějovice Czech Republic; Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Müggelseedamm 310 12587 Berlin Germany; Institute for Multidisciplinary Research University of Belgrade Kneza Viseslava 1 11000 Belgrade Serbia

Division of Conservation Biology Vegetation and Landscape Ecology University of Vienna Rennweg 14 1030 Vienna Austria

Leibniz Institute of Freshwater Ecology and Inland Fisheries Altensteinstrasse 34 14195 Berlin Germany; Institute of Biology Freie Universität Berlin Königin Luise Strasse 1 3 14195 Berlin Germany

School of Natural Sciences and Engineering National Institute of Advanced Studies Indian Institute of Science Campus Bangalore 560012 India; School of Geography University of Nottingham Malaysia Campus Semenyih Selangor Malaysia

The Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Botany Department of Invasion Ecology Průhonice Czech Republic; Department of Ecology Faculty of Science Charles University Viničná 7 Prague 2 Czech Republic

University of Potsdam Biodiversity Research Systematic Botany Maulbeerallee 2a 14469 Potsdam Germany; Technical University of Munich Restoration Ecology Emil Ramann Strasse 6 85354 Freising Germany; Berlin Brandenburg Institute of Advanced Biodiversity Research Altensteinstrasse 34 14195 Berlin Germany

Citace poskytuje Crossref.org

Cultural integration of invasive species

Framing challenges and polarized issues in invasion science: toward an interdisciplinary agenda