OBJECTIVE: Overview of available information on current vaccination options against HPV and possibilities for further development. DESIGN: Review article. SETTINGS: Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, University Hospital in Ostrava; Clinic of Gynecology and Obstetrics, General University Hospital in Prague. METHODS AND RESULTS: Three prophylactic vaccines have been developed against HPV infection and are all now avaliable in Czech Repulbic; nonavalent (Gardasil 9), quadrivalent vaccine (Silgard) and bivalent vaccine (Cervarix). Therapeutic vaccines, designed to induce regression of existing HPV-associated lesions, are in development and not yet clinically available. CONCLUSION: All three avaliable prophylactic vaccines show high efficacy in prevention of vaccine-specific HPV-type infection. The highest degree of protection is achieved in the population of HPV-naive women.