BACKGROUND: Intradialytic resistance training (IRT) protects patients' muscle mass and functions against protein-energy wasting, malnutrition and cachexia. However, the evidence of the effects of such an intervention in haemodialysis patients is limited and not conclusive. To improve the applicability of such interventions, we need a better understanding of molecular, functional and psycho-social adaptation in dialysed patients following a physical training. Therefore, the aim of this study is to investigate the effects of IRT on lower extremity muscle functions, quality of life, and anxiety and depression, clinical outcomes and circulatory micro-ribonucleic acid (miRNA) profiles in patients on chronic haemodialysis therapy. METHODS: We will perform a quasi-experimental study in 3 dialysis centres. Patients will be recruited via their nephrologists and will be allocated to an experimental and a control group based on the location of the patients' dialysis centre. Patients allocated to the experimental group will undergo a 12-week IRT, while the control group will remain physically inactive during dialysis. The primary outcome is the change in the maximal force produced during an isometric contraction of lower extremity muscles. Secondary outcomes regard quality of life, anxiety and depression, clinical outcomes and circulatory miRNA profiles. Patients' level of health literacy defined as the ability to get and understand health information will be also measured in the study as a potential modifier of effects. DISCUSSION: This quasi-experimental study can add in an important way to our understanding of the effects of resistance training on dialysis patients' muscle strength, quality of life and disease-specific outcomes.

2nd Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice Slovakia

Department of Community and Occupational Medicine University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Hanzeplein Groningen Netherlands

Department of Health Psychology Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice Slovakia

Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice Slovakia

Fresenius Medical Care Dialysis Services Kosice Kosice Slovakia

Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice Slovakia

Institute of Physical Education and Sport Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice Slovakia

Olomouc University Society and Health Institute Palacky University Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

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Age and sex differences in the effectiveness of intradialytic resistance training on muscle function

The role of physical activity and miRNAs in the vascular aging and cardiac health of dialysis patients

MicroRNA molecules as predictive biomarkers of adaptive responses to strength training and physical inactivity in haemodialysis patients