The miRNA-206 and miRNA-23a play an important role in muscle tissue hypertrophy, regeneration and atrophy. Both of these miRNAs have been highlighted as promising adaptation predictors; however, the available evidence on associations is inconclusive. Therefore, our aim was to assess the expression levels of these two miRNAs as predictors of change in muscle function during strength training and physical inactivity among dialysed patients. For this purpose, 46 haemodialysis patients were monitored for 12-weeks of either intradialytic strength training (EXG, n = 20) or physical inactivity during dialysis (CON, n = 26). In both groups of patients, we assessed the baseline expression levels of miRNA-23a and miRNA-206 and the isometric force generated during hip flexion (HF) contraction before and after the 12-week period. Among the EXG group, the expression of miRNA-206 predicted the change in HF (R2 = 0.63, p = 0.0005) much more strongly than the expression of miRNA-23a (R2 = 0.21, p = 0.027). Interestingly, baseline miRNA-23a (R2 = 0.30, p = 0.006) predicted the change in HF much more than miRNA-206 (p = ns) among the CON group. Our study indicates that the baseline expression of miRNA-206 could predict the response to strength training, while miRNA-23a could serve as a potential predictive marker of functional changes during physical inactivity in dialysis patients.

2nd Department of Internal Medicine Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice 040 11 Slovakia

Clinic of Vascular Surgery East Slovak Institute of Cardiovascular Diseases Kosice 040 11 Slovakia

Department of Community and Occupational Medicine University Medical Center Groningen University of Groningen Groningen 9700 RB The Netherlands

Department of Health Psychology and Research Methodology Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice 040 11 Slovakia

Department of Medical and Clinical Biochemistry Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice 040 11 Slovakia

Fresenius Medical Care Dialysis Services Kosice Kosice 040 11 Slovakia

Graduate School Kosice Institute for Society and Health Faculty of Medicine Pavol Jozef Safarik University Kosice 040 11 Slovakia

Olomouc University Society and Health Institute Palacky University Olomouc Olomouc 771 11 Czech Republic

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The role of physical activity and miRNAs in the vascular aging and cardiac health of dialysis patients