Massively parallel DNA sequencing opens up opportunities for bridging multiple temporal and spatial dimensions in biodiversity research, thanks to its efficiency to recover millions of nucleotide polymorphisms. Here, we identify the current status, discuss the main challenges, and look into future perspectives on biodiversity genomics focusing on insects, which arguably constitute the most diverse and ecologically important group among all animals. We suggest 10 simple rules that provide a succinct step-by-step guide and best-practices to anyone interested in biodiversity research through the study of insect genomics. To this end, we review relevant literature on biodiversity and evolutionary research in the field of entomology. Our compilation is targeted at researchers and students who may not yet be specialists in entomology or molecular biology. We foresee that the genomic revolution and its application to the study of non-model insect lineages will represent a major leap to our understanding of insect diversity.

Biodiversity Unit University of Turku Turku Finland

Department of Bioinformatics and Genetics Swedish Museum of Natural History Stockholm Sweden

Department of Biological and Environmental Sciences University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

Department of Biology Lund University Lund Sweden

Department of Eukaryotic Microbiology University of Duisburg Essen Essen Germany

Department of Zoology Stockholm University Stockholm Sweden

Gothenburg Global Biodiversity Centre Gothenburg Sweden

Institute of Entomology Biology Centre CAS České Budějovice Czech Republic

Natural History Museum of Denmark University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

Royal Botanical Garden Kew Richmond Surrey UK

Section for Evolutionary Genomics Department of Biology University of Copenhagen Copenhagen Denmark

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The Global Museum: natural history collections and the future of evolutionary science and public education

A Guide to Carrying Out a Phylogenomic Target Sequence Capture Project