The established application of graphene in organic/inorganic spin-valve spintronic assemblies is as a spin-transport channel for spin-polarized electrons injected from ferromagnetic substrates. To generate and control spin injection without such substrates, the graphene backbone must be imprinted with spin-polarized states and itinerant-like spins. Computations suggest that such states should emerge in graphene derivatives incorporating pyridinic nitrogen. The synthesis and electronic properties of nitrogen-doped graphene (N content: 9.8%), featuring both localized spin centers and spin-containing sites with itinerant electron properties, are reported. This material exhibits spin-switch behavior (on-off-on) controlled by microwave irradiation at X-band frequency. This phenomenon may enable the creation of novel types of switches, filters, and spintronic devices using sp2 -only 2D systems.

Department of Experimental Physics Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Physical Chemistry Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Faculty of Science Palacký University Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 78371 Olomouc Czech Republic

Faculty of Physics University of Vienna Boltzmanngasse 5 1090 Vienna Austria

Zobrazit více v PubMed

I. Žutić, J. Fabian, S. Das Sarma, Rev. Mod. Phys. 2004, 76, 323.

S. A. Wolf, D. D. Awschalom, R. A. Buhrman, J. M. Daughton, S. von Molnár, M. L. Roukes, A. Y. Chtchelkanova, D. M. Treger, Science 2001, 294, 1488.

W. Han, R. K. Kawakami, M. Gmitra, J. Fabian, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2014, 9, 794.

D. Pesin, A. H. MacDonald, Nat. Mater. 2012, 11, 409.

S. Roche, J. Åkerman, B. Beschoten, J.-C. Charlier, M. Chshiev, S. P. Dash, B. Dlubak, J. Fabian, A. Fert, M. Guimarães, F. Guinea, I. Grigorieva, C. Schönenberger, P. Seneor, C. Stampfer, S. O. Valenzuela, X. Waintal, B. van Wees, 2D Mater. 2015, 2, 030202.

E. Cobas, A. L. Friedman, O. M. J. van't Erve, J. T. Robinson, B. T. Jonker, Nano Lett. 2012, 12, 3000.

W. Han, K. Pi, K. M. McCreary, Y. Li, J. J. I. Wong, A. G. Swartz, R. Kawakami, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2010, 105, 167202.

Y. S. Dedkov, M. Fonin, U. Rüdiger, C. Laubschat, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2008, 100, 107602.

C. L. Kane, E. L. Mele, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2005, 95, 226801.

H. Yang, A. Duc Vu, A. Hallal, N. Rougemaille, J. Coraux, G. Chen, A. K. Schmid, M. Chshiev, Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 145.

A. S. Mayorov, R. V. Gorbachev, S. V. Morozov, L. Britnell, R. Jalil, L. A. Ponomarenko, P. Blake, K. S. Novoselov, K. Watanabe, T. Taniguchi, A. K. Geim, Nano Lett. 2011, 11, 2396.

T.-Y. Yang, J. Balakrishnan, F. Volmer, A. Avsar, M. Jaiswal, J. Samm, S. R. Ali, A. Pachoud, M. Zeng, M. Popinciuc, G. Güntherodt, B. Beschoten, B. Özyilmaz, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2011, 107, 047206.

B. Dlubak, M.-B. Martin, C. Deranlot, B. Servet, S. Xavier, R. Mattana, M. Sprinkle, C. Berger, W. A. De Heer, F. Petroff, A. Anane, P. Seneor, A. Fert, Nat. Phys. 2012, 8, 557.

C. Cervetti, A. Rettori, M. G. Pini, A. Cornia, A. Repollés, F. Luis, M. Dressel, S. Rauschenbach, K. Kern, M. Burghard, L. Bogani, Nat. Mater. 2016, 15, 164.

D. A. Abanin, P. A. Lee, L. S. Levitov, Phys. Rev. Lett. 2006, 96, 176803.

J. Tuček, P. Błoński, J. Ugolotti, A. K. Swain, T. Enoki, R. Zbořil, Chem. Soc. Rev. 2018, 47, 3899.

S. Nigar, Z. Zhou, H. Wang, M. Imtiaz, RSC Adv. 2017, 7, 51546.

N.-C. Yeh, C.-C. Hsu, M. L. Teague, J.-Q. Wang, D. A. Boyd, C.-C. Chen, Acta Mech. Sin. 2016, 32, 497.

F. Guinea, M. I. Katsnelson, A. K. Geim, Nat. Phys. 2010, 6, 30.

C. Si, Z. Sun, F. Liu, Nanoscale 2016, 8, 3207.

W. Yan, W.-Y. He, Z.-D. Chu, M. Liu, L. Meng, R.-F. Dou, Y. Zhang, Z. Liu, J.-C. Nie, L. He, Nat. Commun. 2013, 4, 2159.

Y. Liu, J. N. B. Rodrigues, Y. Z. Luo, L. Li, A. Carvalho, M. Yang, E. Laksono, J. Lu, Y. Bao, H. Xu, S. J. R. Tan, Z. Qiu, C. H. Sow, Y. P. Feng, A. H. C. Neto, S. Adam, J. Lu, K. P. Loh, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2018, 13, 828.

R. R. Nair, M. Sepioni, I.-L. Tsai, O. Lehtinen, J. Keinonen, A. V. Krasheninnikov, T. Thomson, A. K. Geim, I. V. Grigorieva, Nat. Phys. 2012, 8, 199.

J. Tuček, P. Błoński, Z. Sofer, P. Šimek, M. Petr, M. Pumera, M. Otyepka, R. Zbořil, Adv. Mater. 2016, 28, 5045.

J. Tuček, K. Holá, A. B. Bourlinos, P. Błoński, A. Bakandritsos, J. Ugolotti, M. Dubecký, F. Karlický, V. Ranc, K. Čépe, M. Otyepka, R. Zbořil, Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 14525.

A. Avsar, J. Y. Tan, T. Taychatanapat, J. Balakrishnan, G. K. W. Koon, Y. Yeo, J. Lahiri, A. Carvalho, A. S. Rodin, E. C. T. O'Farrell, G. Eda, A. H. Castro Neto, B. Özyilmaz, Nat. Commun. 2014, 5, 4875.

M. Wojtaszek, I. J. Vera-Marun, T. Maassen, B. J. van Wees, Phys. Rev. B 2013, 87, 081402(R).

J. Balakrishnan, G. Kok Wai Koon, M. Jaiswal, A. H. Castro Neto, B. Özyilmaz, Nat. Phys. 2013, 9, 284.

Y.-W. Son, M. L. Cohen, S. G. Louie, Nature 2006, 444, 347.

O. Hod, V. Barone, J. E. Peralta, G. E. Scuseria, Nano Lett. 2007, 7, 2295.

E.-j. Kan, Z. Li, J. Yang, J. G. Hou, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2008, 130, 4224.

Y. Li, Z. Zhou, P. Shen, Z. Chen, ACS Nano 2009, 3, 1952.

M. Slota, A. Keerthi, W. K. Myers, E. Tretyakov, M. Baumgarten, A. Ardavan, H. Sadeghi, C. J. Lambert, A. Narita, K. Müllen, L. Bogani, Nature 2018, 557, 691.

C. N. R. Rao, K. Gopalakrishnan, A. Govindaraj, Nano Today 2014, 9, 324.

U. N. Maiti, J. Lim, K. E. Lee, W. J. Lee, S. O. Kim, Adv. Mater. 2014, 26, 615.

P. Błoński, J. Tuček, Z. Sofer, V. Mazánek, M. Petr, M. Pumera, M. Otyepka, R. Zbořil, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2017, 139, 3171.

Q. Miao, L. Wang, Z. Liu, B. Wei, F. Xu, W. Fei, Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 21832.

Y. Ito, C. Christodoulou, M. V. Nardi, N. Koch, M. Kläui, H. Sachdev, K. Müllen, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2015, 137, 7678.

A. P. Alegaonkar, A. Kumar, S. H. Patil, K. R. Patil, S. K. Pardeshi, P. S. Alegaonkar, J. Phys. Chem. C 2013, 117, 27105.

A. L. Friedman, C. D. Cress, S. W. Schmucker, J. T. Robinson, O. M. J. van't Erve, Phys. Rev. B 2016, 93, 161409(R).

A. Bakandritsos, M. Pykal, P. Błoński, P. Jakubec, D. D. Chronopoulos, K. Poláková, V. Georgakilas, K. Čépe, O. Tomanec, V. Ranc, A. B. Bourlinos, R. Zbořil, M. Otyepka, ACS Nano 2017, 11, 2982.

D. D. Chronopoulos, A. Bakandritsos, P. Lazar, M. Pykal, K. Čépe, R. Zbořil, M. Otyepka, Chem. Mater. 2017, 29, 926.

P. Lazar, C. K. Chua, K. Holá, R. Zbořil, M. Otyepka, M. Pumera, Small 2015, 11, 3790.

R. Zbořil, F. Karlický, A. B. Bourlinos, T. A. Steriotis, A. K. Stubos, V. Georgakilas, K. Šafářová, D. Jančík, C. Trapalis, M. Otyepka, Small 2010, 6, 2885.

D. Guo, R. Shibuya, C. Akiba, S. Saji, T. Kondo, J. Nakamura, Science 2016, 351, 361.

J. Song, Z. Yu, M. L. Gordin, D. Wang, Nano Lett. 2016, 16, 864.

D. Deng, X. Pan, L. Yu, Y. Cui, Y. Jiang, J. Qi, W.-X. Li, Q. Fu, X. Ma, Q. Xue, G. Sun, X. Bao, Chem. Mater. 2011, 23, 1188.

X.-F. Li, K.-Y. Lian, L. Liu, Y. Wu, Q. Qiu, J. Jiang, M. Deng, Y. Luo, Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 23495.

R. A. Bueno, J. I. Martínez, R. F. Luccas, N. R. del Árbol, C. Munuera, I. Palacio, F. J. Palomares, K. Lauwaet, S. Thakur, J. M. Baranowski, W. Strupinski, M. F. López, F. Mompean, M. García-Hernández, J. A. Martín-Gago, Nat. Commun. 2017, 8, 15306.

B. Wang, L. Tsetseris, S. T. Pantelides, J. Mater. Chem. A 2013, 1, 14927.

Y.-C. Lin, P.-Y. Teng, C.-H. Yeh, M. Koshino, P.-W. Chiu, K. Suenaga, Nano Lett. 2015, 15, 7408.

H. Kiuchi, R. Shibuya, T. Kondo, J. Nakamura, H. Niwa, J. Miyawaki, M. Kawai, M. Oshima, Y. Harada, Nanoscale Res. Lett. 2016, 11, 127.

D. Nolting, E. F. Aziz, N. Ottosson, M. Faubel, I. V. Hertel, B. Winter, J. Am. Chem. Soc. 2007, 129, 14068.

M. Fuchs, V. Rychkov, B. Trauzettel, Phys. Rev. B 2012, 86, 085301.

J. Schliemann, A. Khaetskii, D. Loss, J. Phys.: Condens. Matter 2003, 15, R1809.

J. Jing, L.-A. Wu, Sci. Rep. 2018, 8, 1471.

N. Fujita, D. Matsumoto, Y. Sakurai, K. Kawahara, H. Ago, T. Takenobu, K. Marumoto, Sci. Rep. 2016, 6, 34966.

T. J. Castner Jr., Phys. Rev. 1959, 115, 1506.

A. M. Portis, Phys. Rev. 1953, 91, 1071.

G. Zoppellaro, A. Geies, K. K. Andersson, V. Enkelmann, M. Baumgarten, Eur. J. Org. Chem. 2008, 8, 1431.

G. Zoppellaro, A. Geies, V. Enkelmann, M. Baumgarten, Org. Lett. 2004, 6, 4929.

J. Winter, Magnetic Resonance in Metals, Clarendon Press, Oxford, UK 1971.

D. J. Lépine, Phys. Rev. B 1970, 2, 2429.

M. Agarwal, E. G. Mishchenko, Phys. Rev. B 2019, 99, 085439.

P. A. Denis, Chem. Phys. Lett. 2010, 492, 251.

a) A. R. MacIntosh, G. Jiang, P. Zamani, Z. Song, A. Riese, K. J. Harris, X. Fu, Z. Chen, X. Sun, G. R. Goward, J. Phys. Chem. C 2018, 122, 6593;

b) T. Susi, T. P. Hardcastle, H. Hofsäss, A. Mittelberger, T. J. Pennycook, C. Mangler, R. Drummond-Brydson, A. J. Scott, J. C. Meyer, J. Kotakoski, 2D Mater. 2017, 4, 021013.

P. A. Denis, ChemPhysChem 2014, 15, 3994.

C. Rutherglen, D. Jain, P. Burke, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2009, 4, 811.

F. Schwierz, Nat. Nanotechnol. 2010, 5, 487.

S. Li, Z. Yu, S.-F. Yen, W. C. Tang, P. J. Burke, Nano Lett. 2004, 4, 753.

G. De Angelis, A. Lucibello, E. Proietti, R. Marcelli, D. Pochesci, G. Bartolucci, M. Dragoman, D. Dragoman, Nanomater. Nanotechnol. 2011, 1, 64.

G. Deligeorgis, M. Dragoman, D. Neculoiu, D. Dragoman, G. Konstantinidis, A. Cismaru, R. Plana, Appl. Phys. Lett. 2009, 95, 073107.

M. Dragoman, D. Neculoiu, D. Dragoman, G. Deligeorgis, G. Konstantinidis, A. Cismaru, F. Coccetti, R. Plana, IEEE Microwave Mag. 2010, 11, 81.

Emerging graphene derivatives as active 2D coordination platforms for single-atom catalysts

Nitrogen doped graphene with diamond-like bonds achieves unprecedented energy density at high power in a symmetric sustainable supercapacitor