Two new species of the mayfly family Oligoneuriidae are described based on larval specimens recently collected in Iran. The first new species, Oligoneuriella tuberculata Godunko & Staniczek, sp. nov., can be distinguished from all its congeners by the presence of pronounced protuberances posteromedially on abdominal terga, highly reduced paracercus, large lamella of gill I, and setation on hind margin of middle and hind femora confined to their basal halves. The second species, Oligoneuriopsis villosus Bojková, Godunko, & Staniczek, sp. nov., remarkably belongs to a mostly Afrotropical genus. The new species clearly differs from all its congeners in the shape of setae on the surface of gills and terga, pattern of body colouration, and the shape of posterolateral projections of abdominal segments. Except for the species description, the generic diagnosis of Oligoneuriopsis Crass, 1947 is briefly discussed. COI barcode sequences of both new species are provided and molecular species delimitation is tested using distance-based and likelihood-based approaches, with both new species unambiguously recognised as separate lineages. The analysis of COI also corroborates the respective affinities of both new species, estimated based on morphology. The two new species of Oligoneuriidae described herein highlight the importance of the Middle East as a centre of diversity of this mayfly family within the Palaearctic.

Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences Institute of Entomology Branišovská 31 37005 České Budějovice Czech Republic Biology Centre of the Czech Academy of Sciences České Budějovice Czech Republic

Department of Biodiversity and Ecosystem Management Environmental Sciences Research Institute Shahid Beheshti University Daneshjou Boulevard 1983969411 Tehran Iran Shahid Beheshti University Tehran Iran

Department of Botany and Zoology Masaryk University Kotlářská 2 61137 Brno Czech Republic Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Entomology State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Rosenstein 1 70191 Stuttgart Germany State Museum of Natural History Stuttgart Stuttgart Germany

Department of Fishery Faculty of Natural Resources University of Guilan POB 1144 Sowmehsara Rasht Iran University of Guilan Sowmehsara Rasht Iran

Department of Invertebrate Zoology and Hydrobiology University of Łódź Banacha 12 16 90237 Łódź Poland University of Łódź Łódź Poland

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Updated check-list of the mayflies (Insecta: Ephemeroptera) of Iraq

Diversity and distribution of Epeorus (Caucasiron) (Ephemeroptera, Heptageniidae) in Iran, with descriptions of three new species