Capacitors allow extremely fast charge and discharge operations, which is a challenge faced by recent metal-ion batteries despite having highly improved energy densities. Thus, combined type electric energy storage devices that can integrate high energy density and high power density with high potentials, can overcome the shortcomings of the current metal-ion batteries and capacitors. However, the limited capacities of cathode materials owing to the barren redox reactions are regarded as an obstacle for the development of future high-performance hybrid metal-ion capacitors. In this study, we demonstrate the redox-reaction-rendering effect of the much overlooked lanthanide elements when used as the cathode of lithium-ion capacitors using the mesoporous carbon (MC) as a matrix material. Consequently, these lanthanide elements can effectively enrich the redox reaction, thus improving the capacity of the matrix materials by more than two times. Typically, the Gd-elemental decoration of MC surprisingly enhances the capacity by almost two times as compared with the underacted MC. Furthermore, the La nanoparticles (NPs) decoration depicts the same behavior. Evident redox peaks were formed on the original rectangular cyclic voltammetry (CV) curves. This study provides the first example of embedding lanthanide elements on matrix materials to enrich the desired redox reactions for improving the electrochemical performances.

Department of Forest Biomaterials College of Natural Resources North Carolina State University Raleigh North Carolina 27607 United States

Department of Materials Science and Engineering Research Institute of Advanced Materials Seoul National University Seoul 08826 Republic of Korea

Electronic Materials Center Korea Institute of Science and Technology Seoul 136 791 Republic of Korea

Regional Center of Advanced Technologies and Materials Department of Physical Chemistry Faculty of Science Palacky University Šlechtitelů 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic

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