Blastic plasmacytoid dendritic cell neoplasm (BPDCN) is a rare hematologic malignancy with aggressive behavior and poor prognosis. We present the first retrospective analysis mapping its incidence and therapeutic outcomes in patients diagnosed and treated from 2000 to 2017 in the Czech Republic. The cohort comprised 14 patients (10 males, 4 females) with a median age at diagnosis of 39 years (range, 5-68 years). Initially, skin involvement was noted in 10 (71%) patients and bone marrow infiltration was present in 9 (64%). The first complete remission was achieved in 6/14 (43%) patients after acute lymphoblastic leukemia/lymphoma induction therapy and in 3/14 (21%) patients after acute myeloid leukemia regimen. Nine patients underwent allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation, with two patients achieving the first complete remission only after allogeneic transplantation. Patients undergoing allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation had longer overall survival than those treated without transplantation (the median survival over the period 16.4 vs. 8.1 months). Relapse of the disease was a significant predictor of mortality (p=0.05). Over the study period, patients' survival ranged from 3.3 to 44.2 months, with a median overall survival of 13 months. Our results revealed an effectivity of allogeneic hematopoietic cell transplantation on complete remission achievement in refractory/relapsed disease. The study aimed to present the actual data from the Czech Republic and thus contribute to a global understanding of BPDCN.

4th Department of Internal Medicine Hematology University Hospital Hradec Kralove Hradec Kralove Czech Republic

Department of Hemato Oncology Faculty of Medicine and Dentistry Palacky University Olomouc and University Hospital Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Hemato Oncology University Hospital Pilsen Pilsen Czech Republic

Department of Internal Medicine and Hematology University Hospital Kralovske Vinohrady and 3rd Faculty of Medicine Charles University Prague Czech Republic

Department of Internal Medicine Hematology and Oncology Masaryk University and University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic

Department of Mathematical Analysis and Application of Mathematics Faculty of Science Palacky University Olomouc Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Pediatric Hematology and Oncology 2nd Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Motol University Hospital Prague Czech Republic

Institute of Hematology and Blood Transfusion Prague Czech Republic

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