The class Eustigmatophyceae includes mostly coccoid, freshwater algae, although some genera are common in terrestrial habitats and two are primarily marine. The formal classification of the class, developed decades ago, does not fit the diversity and phylogeny of the group as presently known and is in urgent need of revision. This study concerns a clade informally known as the Pseudellipsoidion group of the order Eustigmatales, which was initially known to comprise seven strains with oval to ellipsoidal cells, some bearing a stipe. We examined those strains as well as 10 new ones and obtained 18S rDNA and rbcL gene sequences. The results from phylogenetic analyses of the sequence data were integrated with morphological data of vegetative and motile cells. Monophyly of the Pseudellipsoidion group is supported in both 18S rDNA and rbcL trees. The group is formalized as the new family Neomonodaceae comprising, in addition to Pseudellipsoidion, three newly erected genera. By establishing Neomonodus gen. nov. (with type species Neomonodus ovalis comb. nov.), we finally resolve the intricate taxonomic history of a species originally described as Monodus ovalis and later moved to the genera Characiopsis and Pseudocharaciopsis. Characiopsiella gen. nov. (with the type species Characiopsiella minima comb. nov.) and Munda gen. nov. (with the type species Munda aquilonaris) are established to accommodate additional representatives of the polyphyletic genus Characiopsis. A morphological feature common to all examined Neomonodaceae is the absence of a pyrenoid in the chloroplasts, which discriminates them from other morphologically similar yet unrelated eustigmatophytes (including other Characiopsis-like species).

Coimbra Collection of Algae Department of Life Sciences University of Coimbra 3000 456 Coimbra Portugal

Department of Biology and Ecology Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Chittussiho 10 Ostrava 710 00 Czech Republic

Department of Botany Faculty of Science Charles University Benátská 2 Prague2 128 01 Czech Republic

Division of Science and Mathematics University of the Ozarks Clarksville Arkansas 72830 USA

Institute of Soil Biology Biology Centre Czech Academy of Sciences Na Sádkách 7 České Budějovice 370 05 Czech Republic

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Monodopsis and Vischeria Genomes Shed New Light on the Biology of Eustigmatophyte Algae

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