This article describes acetylcholinesterase (AChE), an enzyme involved in parasympathetic neurotransmission, its activity, and how its inhibition can be pharmacologically useful for treating dementia, caused by Alzheimer's disease, or as a warfare method due to the action of nerve agents. The chemical concepts related to the irreversible inhibition of AChE, its reactivation, and aging are discussed, along with a relationship to the current international legislation on chemical weapons.

Department of Chemistry Faculty of Science University of Hradec Králové Rokitanskeho 62 50003 Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Institute of Chemical Biological Radiological and Nuclear Defense Avenida das Américas 28705 Rio de Janeiro 23020 470 Brazil

Laboratory of Molecular Modelling Applied to Chemical and Biological Defense Praça General Tibúrcio 80 Rio de Janeiro 22290 270 Brazil

Walter Mors Institute of Research on Natural Products CCS Bloco H Rio de Janeiro 21941 902 Brazil

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