Eicosanoids are biologically active lipid mediators, comprising prostaglandins, leukotrienes, thromboxanes, and lipoxins, involved in several pathophysiological processes relevant to asthma, allergies, and allied diseases. Prostaglandins and leukotrienes are the most studied eicosanoids and established inducers of airway pathophysiology including bronchoconstriction and airway inflammation. Drugs inhibiting the synthesis of lipid mediators or their effects, such as leukotriene synthesis inhibitors, leukotriene receptors antagonists, and more recently prostaglandin D2 receptor antagonists, have been shown to modulate features of asthma and allergic diseases. This review, produced by an European Academy of Allergy and Clinical Immunology (EAACI) task force, highlights our current understanding of eicosanoid biology and its role in mediating human pathology, with a focus on new findings relevant for clinical practice, development of novel therapeutics, and future research opportunities.

Centre for Allergy Research Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden

Child Life and Health and Centre for Inflammation Research The University of Edinburgh Edinburgh UK

Christine Kühne Center for Allergy Research and Education Davos Switzerland

Department of Biochemistry and Molecular Biology School of Chemistry Complutense University Madrid Spain

Department of Medicine Jagiellonian University Medical College Krakow Poland

Department of Pharmaceutical Sciences University of Milan Milan Italy

Department of Respiratory Medicine 1st Faculty of Medicine Charles University and Thomayer Hospital Prague Czech Republic

Department of Respiratory Medicine and Allergology Skane University Hospital Lund Sweden

Departments of Medicine and Microbiology APC Microbiome Ireland University College Cork Cork Ireland

Institute of Environmental Medicine Karolinska Institute Stockholm Sweden

Institute of Pathophysiology and Allergy Research Center for Pathophysiology Infectiology and Immunology Medical University of Vienna Vienna Austria

London North Genomic Laboratory Hub Great Ormond Street Hospital for Children NHS Foundation Trust London UK

MRC Asthma UK Centre in Allergic Mechanisms of Asthma School of Immunology and Microbial Sciences King's College London London UK

Swiss Institute of Allergy and Asthma Research University of Zurich Davos Switzerland

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