Nitric oxide (NO) is perfectly suited for the role of a redox signalling molecule. A key route for NO bioactivity occurs via protein S-nitrosation, and involves the addition of a NO moiety to a protein cysteine (Cys) thiol (-SH) to form an S-nitrosothiol (SNO). This process is thought to underpin a myriad of cellular processes in plants that are linked to development, environmental responses and immune function. Here we collate emerging evidence showing that NO bioactivity regulates a growing number of diverse post-translational modifications including SUMOylation, phosphorylation, persulfidation and acetylation. We provide examples of how NO orchestrates these processes to mediate plant adaptation to a variety of cellular cues.

Agroécologie AgroSup Dijon CNRS INRAE Univ Bourgogne Franche Comté 21000 Dijon France

Department of Applied Sciences University of the West of England Bristol BS16 1QY UK

Department of Biochemistry Faculty of Science Palacký University Šlechtitelů 27 CZ 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic

Department of Plant Biology University of Szeged Szeged 6726 Hungary

Group of Antioxidants Free Radicals and Nitric Oxide in Biotechnology Food and Agriculture Department of Biochemistry and Cell and Molecular Biology of Plants Estación Experimental del Zaidín Consejo Superior de Investigaciones Científicas Profesor Albareda 1 18008 Granada Spain

Group of Biochemistry and Cell Signaling in Nitric Oxide Department of Experimental Biology Center for Advanced Studies in Olive Grove and Olive Oils Faculty of Experimental Sciences University of Jaén Campus Universitario 'Las Lagunillas' s n Jaén 23071 Spain

Institut Sophia Agrobiotech INRAE CNRS Université Côte d'Azur 06903 Sophia Antipolis Cedex France

Institute of Biochemical Plant Pathology Helmholtz Zentrum München German Research Center for Environmental Health München Neuherberg 85764 Germany

Institute of Molecular Plant Sciences School of Biological Sciences University of Edinburgh Edinburgh EH9 3BF UK

National Institute of Plant Genome Research Aruna Asaf Ali Mar 110067 New Delhi India

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