The plant genome can produce long non-coding RNAs (lncRNAs), some of which have been identified as important regulators of gene expression. To better understand the response mechanism of rice plants to Rice black-streaked dwarf virus (RBSDV) infection, we performed a comparative transcriptome analysis between the RBSDV-infected and non-infected rice plants. A total of 1342 mRNAs and 22 lncRNAs were identified to be differentially expressed after RBSDV infection. Most differentially expressed transcripts involved in the plant-pathogen interaction pathway were upregulated after RBSDV infection, indicating the activation of rice defense response by RBSDV. A network of differentially expressed lncRNAs (DElncRNAs) and mRNAs (DEmRNAs) was then constructed. In this network, there are 56 plant-pathogen interaction-related DEmRNAs co-expressing with 20 DElncRNAs, suggesting these DElncRNAs and DEmRNAs may play essential roles in rice innate immunity against RBSDV. Moreover, some of the lncRNA-mRNA regulatory relationships were experimentally verified in rice calli by a quick and effective method established in this study. Three DElncRNAs were selected to be tested, and the results indicated that five mRNAs were found to be regulated by them. Together, we give a whole landscape of rice mRNAs and lncRNAs in response to RBSDV infection, and a feasible method to rapidly verify the lncRNA-mRNA regulatory relationship in rice.

Crop Research Institute 16100 Prague 6 Czech Republic

Key Laboratory of microorganism technology and bioinformatics research of Zhejiang Province NMPA Key Laboratory for Testing and Risk Warning of Pharmaceutical Microbiology Zhejiang TianKe High Technology Development Co Ltd Hangzhou 310023 China

State Key Laboratory for Biology of Plant Diseases and Insect Pests Institute of Plant Protection Chinese Academy of Agricultural Sciences Beijing 100193 China

State Key Laboratory of Rice Biology Institute of Biotechnology Zhejiang University Hangzhou 310058 China

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Emphasizing the Role of Long Non-Coding RNAs (lncRNA), Circular RNA (circRNA), and Micropeptides (miPs) in Plant Biotic Stress Tolerance

Identifying Putative Resistance Genes for Barley Yellow Dwarf Virus-PAV in Wheat and Barley