Nanotechnology and stem cells are one of the most promising strategies for clinical medicine applications. The article provides an up-to-date view on advances in the field of regenerative and targeted vascular therapies describing a molecular design (propulsion mechanism, composition, target identification) and applications of nanorobots. Stem cell paragraph presents current clinical application of various cell types involved in vascular biology including mesenchymal stem cells, very small embryonic-like stem cells, induced pluripotent stem cells, mononuclear stem cells, amniotic fluid-derived stem cells and endothelial progenitor cells. A possible bridging between the two fields is also envisioned, where bio-inspired, safe, long-lasting nanorobots can fully target the cellular specific cues and even drive vascular process in a timely manner.

1st Department of Internal Medicine Cardioangiology St Anne's University Hospital Brno Masaryk University Brno Czech Republic

Department of Cardiology and Structural Heart Diseases Medical University of Silesia Katowice Poland

Interventional Cardiac Electrophysiology Group International Clinical Research Center St Anne's University Hospital Brno Brno Czech Republic

Nanobiotechnology CEITEC MU Brno Czech Republic

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