BACKGROUND: This study aimed to compare the effect of traditional and stability-oriented strength exercises on trunk stability and deep stabilization system (DSS) activation in elite futsal players. METHODS: Twenty elite futsal players (21-34 years, 180 ± 13 cm, 79 ± 15 kg) were randomly divided into a group that performed stability-oriented exercises and a group that performed traditional strength exercises. Both interventions lasted for 10 weeks and included 25 strength training sessions. MAIN OUTCOME MEASURES: The DSS pretest and posttest included the diaphragm test, trunk flexion test, back extension test, hip flexion test, intraabdominal pressure test, and a side plank test on a 1-5 point scale. RESULTS: Both groups had similar initial test results, where the stability-oriented exercise group had significantly improved intraabdominal pressure test (p = 0.004, by lower quartile rate), trunk flexion (p = 0.036, by 0.5 grade in median), and side plank (p = 0.002, by 1 grade in median) in posttest results. Traditional exercise did not change the results of any of the included DSS function tests. CONCLUSIONS: Stabilization-oriented exercises effectively activate the functions of the DSS and should be prioritized over traditional strength exercises in injury prevention training programs. The use of stabilization-oriented exercises might prevent injury and overloading in elite futsal players.

Department of Physiotherapy Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Charles University 16252 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Sport Games Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Charles University 16252 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Track and Field Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Charles University 16252 Prague Czech Republic

Faculty of Nursing and Professional Health Studies Health University in Bratislava 83101 Bratislava Slovakia

Sport Research Center Faculty of Physical Education and Sport Charles University 16252 Prague Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Junge A., Dvorak J. Injury risk of playing football in Futsal World Cups. Br. J. Sports Med. 2010;44:1089–1092. doi: 10.1136/bjsm.2010.076752. PubMed DOI

Varkiani M.E., Alizadeh M.H., Pourkazemi L. The epidemiology of futsal injuries via sport medicine federation injury surveillance system of Iran in 2010. Procedia-Soc. Behav. Sci. 2013;82:946–951. doi: 10.1016/j.sbspro.2013.08.001. DOI

Naser N., Ali A., Macadam P. Physical and physiological demands of futsal. J. Exerc. Sci. Fit. 2017;15:76–80. doi: 10.1016/j.jesf.2017.09.001. PubMed DOI PMC

De Freitas V.H., Ramos S.d.P., Leicht A., Alves T., Rabelo F., Bara-Filho M.G., Guarnier F.A., Nakamura F.Y. Validation of the futsal-specific intermittent shuttle protocol for the simulation of the physical demands of futsal match-play. Int. J. Perform. Anal. Sport. 2017;17:934–947. doi: 10.1080/24748668.2017.1409499. DOI

Ayarra R., Nakamura F.Y., Iturricastillo A., Castillo D., Yanci J. Differences in physical performance according to the competitive level in futsal players. J. Hum. Kinet. 2018;64:275–285. doi: 10.1515/hukin-2017-0201. PubMed DOI PMC

Ribeiro J.N., Gonçalves B., Coutinho D., Brito J., Sampaio J., Travassos B. Activity Profile and Physical Performance of match play in elite futsal players. Front. Psychol. 2020;11:1709. doi: 10.3389/fpsyg.2020.01709. PubMed DOI PMC

Small K., McNaughton L., Greig M., Lovell R. The effects of multidirectional soccer-specific fatigue on markers of hamstring injury risk. J. Sci. Med. Sport. 2010;13:120–125. doi: 10.1016/j.jsams.2008.08.005. PubMed DOI

Martuscello J.M., Nuzzo J.L., Ashley C.D., Campbell B.I., Orriola J.J., Mayer J.M. Systematic review of core muscle activity during physical fitness exercises. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2013;27:1684–1698. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318291b8da. PubMed DOI

Bryan M., Hawson S. The benefits of Pilates exercise in orthopaedic rehabilitation. Tech. Orthop. 2003;18:126–129. doi: 10.1097/00013611-200303000-00018. DOI

Jebavý R., Hojka V., Kaplan A. Kondiční Trénink ve Sportovních Hrách: Na Příkladu Fotbalu, Ledního Hokeje a Basketbalu. Grada Publishing a.s.; Praha 7-Holešovice, Czech Republic: 2017.

Frank C., Kobesova A., Kolar P. Dynamic neuromuscular stabilization & sports rehabilitation. Int. J. Sports Phys. 2013;8:62–73. PubMed PMC

Kolář P. Rehabilitace v Klinické Praxi. Galén; Praha, Czech Republic: 2009. 1. Vydání.

Suchomel R.f.M.T. Stabilita v pohybovém systému a hluboký stabilizační systém. Rehabil. Fy. 2006;13:112–124.

Daggfeldt K., Thorstensson A. The role of intra-abdominal pressure in spinal unloading. J. Biomech. 1997;30:1149–1155. doi: 10.1016/S0021-9290(97)00096-1. PubMed DOI

Blazek D., Stastny P., Maszczyk A., Krawczyk M., Matykiewicz P., Petr M. Systematic review of intra-abdominal and intrathoracic pressures initiated by the Valsalva manoeuvre during high-intensity resistance exercises. Biol. Sport. 2019;36:373. doi: 10.5114/biolsport.2019.88759. PubMed DOI PMC

Hodges P.W. Core stability exercise in chronic low back pain. Orthop. Clin. 2003;34:245–254. doi: 10.1016/S0030-5898(03)00003-8. PubMed DOI

Pysna J., Pysny L., Petru D., Endal V. Evaluating activity of deep stabilising system of the spine in young elite ice-hockey players. South. Afr. J. Res. SportPhys. Educ. Recreat. 2018;40:73–88.

Jalovcova M., Pavlů D. Stabilizační systém a role m. transversus abdominis. Rehabil. Fyzikální Lékařství. 2010;17:174–180.

Long A., Donelson R., Fung T. Does it matter which exercise? A randomized control trial of exercise for low back pain. Spine. 2004;29:2593–2602. doi: 10.1097/01.brs.0000146464.23007.2a. PubMed DOI

Aspe R.R., Swinton P.A. Electromyographic and kinetic comparison of the back squat and overhead squat. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2014;28:2827–2836. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000000462. PubMed DOI

Cordo P.J., Gurfinkel V.S., Smith T.C., Hodges P.W., Verschueren S., Brumagne S. The sit-up: Complex kinematics and muscle activity in voluntary axial movement. J. Electromyogr. Kinesiol. 2003;13:239–252. doi: 10.1016/S1050-6411(03)00023-3. PubMed DOI

Jahoda R., Mitterbauer G. ComplexCoreTM-Core Stabilisation in Training and Therapy. Jahoda Sports Publisher; Salzburg, Austria: 2013.

Mahdieh L., Zolaktaf V., Karimi M.T. Effects of dynamic neuromuscular stabilization (DNS) training on functional movements. Hum. Mov. Sci. 2020;70:102568. doi: 10.1016/j.humov.2019.102568. PubMed DOI

Lago-Fuentes C., Rey E., Padrón-Cabo A., de Rellán-Guerra A.S., Fragueiro-Rodríguez A., García-Núñez J. Effects of core strength training using stable and unstable surfaces on physical fitness and functional performance in professional female futsal players. J. Hum. Kinet. 2018;65:213–224. doi: 10.2478/hukin-2018-0029. PubMed DOI PMC

Pešán F., Jelínek M., Fiala M., Matošková P., Süss V. Vliv kompenzačního programu na posturální svaly u extraligových hráčů ledního hokeje. Rehabilitácia. 2015;52:3–10.

Ondra L., Nátěsta P., Bizovská L., Kuboňová E., Svoboda Z. Effect of in-season neuromuscular and proprioceptive training on postural stability in male youth basketball players. Acta Gymnica. 2017;47:144–149. doi: 10.5507/ag.2017.019. DOI

Busara J., Chentanez T., Pintong M., Widjaja W. The effects of the 11+ training programme on stability performance in adolescent futsal players. J. Sports Sci. Technol. 2015;15:57–65.

Ruiz-Pérez I., Ayala F., Puerta J.M., Elvira J.L.L., De Ste Croix M., Hernández-Sánchez S., Vera-Garcia F.J. A Bayesian Network approach to study the relationships between several neuromuscular performance measures and dynamic postural control in futsal players. PloS ONE. 2019;14:e0220065. doi: 10.1371/journal.pone.0220065. PubMed DOI PMC

Bačová I., Cicholesová T., Dziaková M., Šulla I., Kitka M., Petrovičová J. Význam Rehabilitácie Hlbokého Stabilizačného Systému Pri Liečbe Vertebrogénnych Ochorení. Volume 52. Rehabilitácia; Bratislava, Slovakia: 2015. pp. 67–77.

Šorfová M., Tlapáková E., Matějková A. Funkce svalů pánevního dna ve vztahu k poloze těla a k typu dýchání. Rehabil. Phys. Med./Rehabil. Fyzikalni Lek. 2018;25:171–177.

Siff M. Supertraining. 6th ed. Volume 290 Supertraining Institute; Denver, CO, USA: 2003.

Zatsiorsky V., Kraemer W. Science and Practice of Strength Training. Human Kinetics; Champaign, IL, USA: 2006.

Willardson J.M. Core stability training: Applications to sports conditioning programs. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2007;21:979–985. doi: 10.1519/00124278-200708000-00054. PubMed DOI

Lopes M., Lopes S., Patinha T., Araújo F., Rodrigues M., Costa R., Oliveira J., Ribeiro F. Balance and proprioception responses to FIFA 11+ in amateur futsal players: Short and long-term effects. J. Sports Sci. 2019;37:2300–2308. doi: 10.1080/02640414.2019.1628626. PubMed DOI

Stastny P., Lehnert M., De Ste Croix M., Petr M., Svoboda Z., Maixnerova E., Varekova R., Botek M., Petrek M., Kocourkova L., et al. Effect of COL5A1, GDF5, and PPARA Genes on a Movement Screen and Neuromuscular Performance in Adolescent Team Sport Athletes. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2019;33:2057–2065. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0000000000003142. PubMed DOI

Bompa T., Buzzichelli C. Periodization Training for Sports, 3E. Human kinetics; Champaign, IL, USA: 2015.

Cejudo A., de Baranda P.S., Ayala F., Santonja F. Test-retest reliability of seven common clinical tests for assessing lower extremity muscle flexibility in futsal and handball players. Phys. Sport. 2015;16:107–113. doi: 10.1016/j.ptsp.2014.05.004. PubMed DOI

Kobesova A., Davidek P., Morris C.E., Andel R., Maxwell M., Oplatkova L., Safarova M., Kumagai K., Kolar P. Functional postural-stabilization tests according to Dynamic Neuromuscular Stabilization approach: Proposal of novel examination protocol. J. Bodyw. Mov. 2020;24:84–95. doi: 10.1016/j.jbmt.2020.01.009. PubMed DOI

Richardson C.A., Hodges P., Hides J.A. Therapeutic exercise for lumbopelvic stabilization: A motor control approach for the treatment and prevention of low back pain. Phys. Ther. 2004;85:470.

Arokoski J.P., Valta T., Airaksinen O., Kankaanpää M. Back and abdominal muscle function during stabilization exercises. Arch. Phys. Med. Rehabil. 2001;82:1089–1098. doi: 10.1053/apmr.2001.23819. PubMed DOI

Dallas G., Mavvidis A., Kirialanis P., Papouliakos S. The effect of 8 weeks of whole body vibration training on static balance and explosive strength of lower limbs in physical education students. Acta Gymnica. 2017;47:153–160. doi: 10.5507/ag.2017.018. DOI

Stephenson J., Swank A.M. Core training: Designing a program for anyone. Strength Cond. J. 2004;26:34. doi: 10.1519/00126548-200412000-00006. DOI

Willardson J.M. Core stability training for healthy athletes: A different paradigm for fitness professionals. Strength Cond. J. 2007;29:42. doi: 10.1519/00126548-200712000-00008. DOI

Gritsanadilok W., Chentanez T., Hirunrat S., Sinphurmuksakul O. The effect of “The FIFA 11+” Warm-up training on balance and proprioception in adolescent futsall players. J. Sports Sci. Technol. 2013;13:19–29.

Wahl M.J., Behm D.G. Not all instability training devices enhance muscle activation in highly resistance-trained individuals. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2008;22:1360–1370. doi: 10.1519/JSC.0b013e318175ca3c. PubMed DOI

Jebavy R., Balas J., Jalovcova M. Komparace silových cvičení na nestabilních a stabilních plochách jako prostředek pro zlepšení činností hlubokého stabilizačního systému. Rehabilitácia. 2016;53:85–92.

Jebavý R., Perič T., Baláš J., Šťastný P. Stimulation a strength endurance through exercises on the unstable surfaces. Studia KinanthropologicaUniv. Bohem. Merid. Budvicensis. 2013;14:93–99.

Yaggie J.A., Campbell B.M. Effects of balance training on selected skills. J. Strength Cond. Res. 2006;20:422–428. PubMed

Conditioning Strategies for Improving Handball Throwing Velocity: A Systematic Review and Meta-Analyses