These European Resuscitation Council (ERC) Cardiac Arrest in Special Circumstances guidelines are based on the 2020 International Consensus on Cardiopulmonary Resuscitation Science with Treatment Recommendations. This section provides guidelines on the modifications required to basic and advanced life support for the prevention and treatment of cardiac arrest in special circumstances; specifically special causes (hypoxia, trauma, anaphylaxis, sepsis, hypo/hyperkalaemia and other electrolyte disorders, hypothermia, avalanche, hyperthermia and malignant hyperthermia, pulmonary embolism, coronary thrombosis, cardiac tamponade, tension pneumothorax, toxic agents), special settings (operating room, cardiac surgery, catheter laboratory, dialysis unit, dental clinics, transportation (in-flight, cruise ships), sport, drowning, mass casualty incidents), and special patient groups (asthma and COPD, neurological disease, obesity, pregnancy).

Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Catholic University School of Medicine Teaching and Research Unit Emergency Territorial Agency ARES 118 Rome Italy

Cardiology Department University Clinical Hospital of Santiago de Compostela Institute of Health Research of Santiago de Compostela A Coruña Spain

Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Hospitallers Brothers Hospital Paracelsus Medical University Salzburg Austria

Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine University Hospital of Cologne Cologne Germany

Department of Anesthesiology Critical Care and Emergency Medicine Bethel Medical Centre OWL University Hospitals Bielefeld University Germany

Department of Anesthesiology University Medical Center Johannes Gutenberg University Mainz Germany

Departments of Renal and Internal Medicine Victoria Hospital Kirkcaldy Fife UK

Emergency Medical Services of the Hradec Králové Region Hradec Králové Czech Republic; Department of Anaesthesiology and Intensive Care Medicine Charles University Prague University Hospital Hradec Králové Hradec Králové Czech Republic

Resuscitation Medicine University of Warwick Warwick Medical School Coventry CV4 7AL UK; Anaesthesia and Intensive Care Medicine Royal United Hospital Bath BA1 3NG UK

Southmead Hospital North Bristol NHS Trust Bristol UK

Thames Valley Air Ambulance Stokenchurch UK

Warwick Clinical Trials Unit Warwick Medical School University of Warwick Coventry UK; University Hospitals Birmingham NHS Foundation Trust Birmingham UK

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Resuscitation. 2021 Jul;164:160. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.04.036. PubMed

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Resuscitation. 2021 Jul;164:161. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.05.009. PubMed

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Resuscitation. 2021 Oct;167:91-92. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.08.012. PubMed

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Resuscitation. 2022 Feb;171:121-122. doi: 10.1016/j.resuscitation.2021.12.008. PubMed

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