Drought and heat stress are two major abiotic stresses that challenge the sustainability of agriculture to a larger extend. The changing and unpredictable climate further aggravates the efforts made by researchers as well as farmers. The stresses during the terminal stage of cool-season food legumes may affect numerous physiological and biochemical reactions that may result in poor yield. The plants possess a good number of adaptative and avoiding mechanisms to sustain the adverse situation. The various agronomic and breeding approaches may help in stress-induced alteration. The physiological and biochemical response of crops to any adverse situation is very important to understand to develop mechanisms and approaches for tolerance in plants. Agronomic approaches like altering the planting time, seed priming, foliar application of various macro and micro nutrients, and the application of rhizobacteria may help in mitigating the adverse effect of heat and drought stress to some extent. Breeding approaches like trait-based selection, inheritance studies of marker-based selection, genetic approaches using the transcriptome and metabolome may further pave the way to select and develop crops with better heat and drought stress adaptation and mitigation.

AINP Division of Pulses Regional Agricultural Research Station Central Zone Kerala Agricultural University Pattambi Melepattambi P O Palakkad Kerala 679306 India

Defence Institute of High Altitude Research Chandigarh 160002 India

Department of Agronomy Bangladesh Wheat and Maize Research Institute Dinajpur 5200 Bangladesh

Department of Agronomy Faculty of Agriculture Bidhan Chandra Krishi Viswavidyalaya Mohanpur 741252 India

Department of Botany and Plant Physiology Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague Kamycka 129 165 00 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Plant Physiology Slovak University of Agriculture Nitra Tr A Hlinku 2 949 01 Nitra Slovakia

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Field screening of diverse wheat germplasm for determining their adaptability to semi-arid climatic conditions

Progressive Genomic Approaches to Explore Drought- and Salt-Induced Oxidative Stress Responses in Plants under Changing Climate