Here we describe the major genetic and genomic aberrations found in myeloid malignancies and how those markers are used in patients' diagnosis, prognosis, and targeted treatment. In Bosnia and Herzegovina, cytogenetic and molecular diagnostics for myeloid malignancies have been established and continually improved since 2005. We report the current state of available diagnostic tools for myeloid malignancies in Bosnia and Herzegovina. Myeloid malignancies are a heterogeneous group of clonal blood diseases characterized by defects in hematopoietic stem cells and myeloid progenitors that lead to abnormal proliferation, differentiation, localization, and self-renewal. Most common myeloid malignancies include myeloproliferative neoplasms (MPNs), myelodysplastic syndrome (MDS), and acute myeloid leukemia (AML). Molecular diagnostics of myeloid malignancies have significantly expanded in the last decade with new genetic and genomic markers for diagnosis, prognosis, and treatment. CONCLUSION: In the last decade, several new genomic markers important for patient diagnosis, prognosis, and therapy have been discovered that need to be implemented in routine molecular diagnostics not only in developed nations but also in developing nations such as Bosnia and Herzegovina.

Department of Clinical Pathology Cytology and Human Genetics Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina; Faculty of Science University of Sarajevo Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina; Department of Genetics and Bioengineering International Burch University Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina

Department of Genetics and Bioengineering International Burch University Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina

Department of Hematooncology University Hospital Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic; Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic; Faculty of Science University of Ostrava Ostrava Czech Republic

Faculty of Science University of Sarajevo Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina

Hematology Clinic Clinical Center of the University of Sarajevo Sarajevo Bosnia and Herzegovina

TIMM Laboratory Sahlgrenska Center for Cancer Research University of Gothenburg Gothenburg Sweden

References provided by Crossref.org