Self-assembled peptides and proteins possess tremendous potential as targeted drug delivery systems and key applications of these well-defined nanostructures reside in anti-cancer therapy. Peptides and proteins can self-assemble into nanostructures of diverse sizes and shapes in response to changing environmental conditions such as pH, temperature, ionic strength, as well as host and guest molecular interactions; their countless benefits include good biocompatibility and high loading capacity for hydrophobic and hydrophilic drugs. These self-assembled nanomaterials can be adorned with functional moieties to specifically target tumor cells. Stimuli-responsive features can also be incorporated with respect to the tumor microenvironment. This review sheds light on the growing interest in self-assembled peptides and proteins and their burgeoning applications in cancer treatment and immunotherapy.

Department of Biomedical Engineering Institute for Quantitative Health Science and Engineering Michigan State University East Lansing MI 48824 USA

Department of Chemical Sciences University of Naples Federico 2 Complesso Universitario Monte S Angelo Via Cintia Naples 80126 Italy

Department of Radiology and the Molecular Imaging Program Stanford University Stanford CA 94305 USA

Department of Tissue Engineering and Biomaterials School of Advanced Medical Sciences and Technologies Hamadan University of Medical Sciences 6517838736 Hamadan Iran

Faculty of Engineering and Natural Sciences Sabanci University Orta Mahalle Üniversite Caddesi No 27 Orhanlı Tuzla 34956 Istanbul Turkey

Institute for Polymers Composites and Biomaterials National Research Council IPCB CNR Naples 80125 Italy

Institute of Biochemistry and Cell Biology Naples 80131 Italy

Istituto Italiano di Tecnologia Centre for Micro BioRobotics Viale Rinaldo Piaggio 34 56025 Pontedera Pisa Italy

Regional Centre of Advanced Technologies and Materials Palacký University Olomouc Šlechtitelů 27 783 71 Olomouc Czech Republic

Sabanci University Nanotechnology Research and Application Center Tuzla 34956 Istanbul Turkey

The Graduate School Augusta University Augusta GA 30912 USA

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