Transfection is based on nonviral delivery of nucleic acids or proteins into cells. Viral approaches are being used; nevertheless, their translational capacity is nowadays decreasing due to persistent fear of their safety, therefore creating space for the field of nanotechnology. However, nanomedical approaches introducing static nanoparticles for the delivery of biologically active molecules are very likely to be overshadowed by the vast potential of nanorobotics. We hereby present a rapid nonviral transfection of protein into a difficult-to-transfect prostate cancer cell line facilitated by chemically powered rectangular virus-sized (68 nm × 33 nm) nanorobots. The enhanced diffusion of these biocompatible nanorobots is the key to their fast internalization into cells, happening in a matter of minutes and being up to 6-fold more efficient compared to static nanorobots in a nonfueled environment. The Au/Ag plasmonic nature of these nanorobots makes them simply traceable and allows for their detailed subcellular localization. Protein transfection mediated by such nanorobots is an important step forward, challenging the field of nanomedicine and having potential in future translational medical research.

Center for Advanced Functional Nanorobots Department of Inorganic Chemistry University of Chemistry and Technology Technicka 5 CZ 166 28 Prague Czech Republic

Center for Nanorobotics and Machine Intelligence Department of Food Technology Mendel University in Brno Zemedelska 1 CZ 613 00 Brno Czech Republic

Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Purkynova 123 CZ 612 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Chemical and Biomolecular Engineering Yonsei University 50 Yonsei ro Seodaemun gu 03722 Seoul Korea

Department of Chemistry and Biochemistry Mendel University in Brno Zemedelska 1 CZ 613 00 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Medical Research China Medical University Hospital China Medical University No 91 Hsueh Shih Road 40402 Taichung Taiwan

Future Energy and Innovation Lab Central European Institute of Technology Brno University of Technology Purkynova 123 CZ 612 00 Brno Czech Republic

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