The advancement in nanotechnology has brought numerous benefits for humans in diverse areas including industry, medicine, and agriculture. The demand in the application of nanomaterials can result in the release of these anthropogenic materials into soil and water that can potentially harm the environment by affecting water and soil properties (e.g., soil texture, pH, organic matter, and water content), plants, animals, and subsequently human health. The properties of nanoparticles including their size, surface area, and reactivity affect their fate in the environment and can potentially result in their toxicological effects in the ecosystem and on living organisms. There is extensive research on the application of nano-based materials and the consequences of their release into the environment. However, there is little information about environmentally friendly approaches for removing nanomaterials from the environment. This article provides insight into the application of silver nanoparticles (AgNPs), as one of the most commonly used nanomaterials, their toxicological effects, their impacts on plants and microorganisms, and briefly reviews the possibility of remediation of these metabolites using phytotechnology approaches. This article provides invaluable information to better understand the fate of nanomaterials in the environment and strategies in removing them from the environment.

College of Landscape Architecture Sichuan Agricultural University Chengdu 611130 China

Department of Biology Merrimack College North Andover MA 01845 USA

Department of Biotechnology Hemvati Nandan Bahuguna Garhwal University Garhwal Srinagar 246174 Uttarakhand India

Department of Botany and Plant Physiology Faculty of Agrobiology Food and Natural Resources Czech University of Life Sciences Prague 16500 Prague Czech Republic

Department of Horticulture Science Shiraz Branch Islamic Azad University Shiraz 71987 74731 Iran

Department of Plant Physiology Slovak University of Agriculture A Hlinku 2 94976 Nitra Slovakia

Faculty of Geo Information Science and Earth Observation University of Twente 7500 AE Enschede The Netherlands

Laboratory of Bioclimatology Department of Ecology and Environmental Protection Poznan University of Life Sciences Piątkowska 94 60 649 Poznan Poland

Scientist Hostel S 02 Chauras Campus Garhwal Srinagar 246174 Uttarakhand India

State Key Laboratory for Conservation and Utilization of Subtropical Agro Bioresources College of Agriculture South China Agricultural University Guangzhou 510642 China

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