CONTEXT: Adipose tissue distribution is a key factor influencing metabolic health and risk in obesity-associated comorbidities. OBJECTIVE: Here we aim to compare the proteomic profiles of mature adipocytes from different depots. METHODS: Abdominal subcutaneous (SA) and omental visceral adipocytes (VA) were isolated from paired adipose tissue biopsies obtained during bariatric surgery on 19 severely obese women (body mass index > 30 kg/m2) and analyzed using state-of-the-art mass spectrometry. Differential expression analysis and weighted gene co-expression network analysis (WGCNA) were performed to investigate proteome signature properties and to examine a possible association of the protein expression with the clinical data. RESULTS: We identified 3686 protein groups and found 1140 differentially expressed proteins (adj. P value < 0.05), of which 576 proteins were upregulated in SA and 564 in VA samples. We provide a global protein profile of abdominal SA and omental VA, present the most differentially expressed pathways and processes distinguishing SA from VA, and correlate them with clinical and body composition data. We show that SA are significantly more active in processes linked to vesicular transport and secretion, and to increased lipid metabolism activity. Conversely, the expression of proteins involved in the mitochondrial energy metabolism and translational or biosynthetic activity is higher in VA. CONCLUSION: Our analysis represents a valuable resource of protein expression profiles in abdominal SA and omental VA, highlighting key differences in their role in obesity.

Central European Institute of Technology Masaryk University 62500 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Human Movement Studies Faculty of Education University of Ostrava 70900 Ostrava Czech Republic

Department of Pathological Physiology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University 62500 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Physiology and Pathohysiology Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava 70300 Ostrava Czech Republic

Department of Physiology Faculty of Medicine Masaryk University 70300 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Surgery Vitkovice Hospital 70300 Ostrava Czech Republic

Department of Surgical Disciplines Faculty of Medicine University of Ostrava 70300 Ostrava Czech Republic

Research Centre for Toxic Compounds in the Environment Faculty of Science Masaryk University 62500 Brno Czech Republic

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Unraveling adipose tissue proteomic landscapes in severe obesity: insights into metabolic complications and potential biomarkers

Proteomic Signatures of Human Visceral and Subcutaneous Adipocytes