This paper presents the design of a voltage-mode three-input single-output multifunction first-order filter employing commercially available LT1228 IC for easy verification of the proposed circuit by laboratory measurements. The proposed filter is very simple, consisting of a single LT1228 as an active device with two resistors and one capacitor. The output voltage node is low impedance, resulting in an easy cascade-ability with other voltage-mode configurations. The proposed filter provides four filter responses: low-pass filter (LP), high-pass filter (HP), inverting all-pass filter (AP-), and non-inverting all-pass filter (AP+) in the same circuit configuration. The selection of output filter responses can be conducted without additional inverting or double gains, which is easy to be controlled by the digital method. The control of pole frequency and phase response can be conducted electronically through the bias current (IB). The matching condition during tuning the phase response with constant voltage gain is not required. Moreover, the pass-band voltage gain of the LP and HP functions can be controlled by adjusting the value of resistors without affecting the pole frequency and phase response. Additionally, the phase responses of the AP filters can be selected as both lagging or leading phase responses. The parasitic effects on the filtering performances were also analyzed and studied. The performances of the proposed filter were simulated and experimented with a ±5 V voltage supply. For the AP+ experimental result, the leading phase response for 1 kHz to 1 MHz frequency changed from 180 to 0 degrees. For the AP- experimental result, the lagging phase response for 1 kHz to 1 MHz frequency changed from 0 to -180 degrees. The design of the quadrature oscillator based on the proposed first-order filter is also included as an application example.

Department of Electrical Engineering Faculty of Engineering and Industrial Technology Silpakorn University Nakornpathom 73000 Thailand

Department of Engineering Education School of Industrial Education and Technology King Mongkut's Institute of Technology Ladkrabang Bangkok 10520 Thailand

Department of Information and Communication Technology in Medicine Czech Technical University Prague Nám Sítná 3105 272 01 Kladno Czech Republic

Department of Microelectronics Brno University of Technology Technická 10 601 90 Brno Czech Republic

Department of Radio Electronics Brno University of Technology 12 616 00 Brno Czech Republic

Zobrazit více v PubMed

Kumngern M., Aupithak N., Khateb F., Kulej T. 0.5 V Fifth-Order Butterworth Low-Pass Filter Using Multiple-Input OTA for ECG Applications. Sensors. 2020;20:7343. doi: 10.3390/s20247343. PubMed DOI PMC

Wang S.F., Chen H.P., Ku Y., Zhong M.X. Voltage-mode multifunction biquad filter and its application as fully-uncoupled quadrature oscillator based on current-feedback operational amplifiers. Sensors. 2020;20:6681 PubMed PMC

Prommee P., Wongprommoon N., Kumngern M., Jaikla W. Low-voltage low-pass and band-pass elliptic filters based on log-domain approach suitable for biosensors. Sensors. 2019;19:5581. doi: 10.3390/s19245581. PubMed DOI PMC

Myderrizi I., Minaei M., Yuce E. An Electronically Fine-Tunable Multi-Input-Single-Output Universal Filter. IEEE Trans. Biomed. Circuits Syst. II Express Briefs. 2011;58:356–360. doi: 10.1109/TCSII.2011.2158168. DOI

Jaikla W., Khateb F., Kulej T., Pitaksuttayaprot K. Universal Filter Based on Compact CMOS Structure of VDDDA. Sensors. 2021;21:1683. doi: 10.3390/s21051683. PubMed DOI PMC

Wang S.-F., Chen H.-P., Ku Y., Li Y.-F. High-Input Impedance Voltage-Mode Multifunction Filter. Appl. Sci. 2021;11:387. doi: 10.3390/app11010387. DOI

Yuce E., Tez S. A Novel Voltage-Mode Universal Filter Composed of Two Terminal Active Devices. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 2018;86:202–209. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2018.01.010. DOI

Wang S.-F., Chen H.-P., Ku Y., Yang C.-M. Independently tunable voltage-mode OTA-C biquadratic filter with five inputs and three outputs and its fully-uncoupled quadrature sinusoidal oscillator application. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 2019;110:152822. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2019.152822. DOI

Faseehuddin M., Herencsar N., Albrni M.A., Sampe J. Electronically Tunable Mixed-Mode Universal Filter Employing a Single Active Block and a Minimum Number of Passive Components. Appl. Sci. 2021;11:55. doi: 10.3390/app11010055. DOI

Chen H.P., Yang W.S. Electronically Tunable Current Controlled Current Conveyor Transconductance Amplifier-Based Mixed-Mode Biquadratic Filter with Resistorless and Grounded Capacitors. Appl. Sci. 2017;7:244. doi: 10.3390/app7030244. DOI

Jaikla W., Adhan S., Suwanjan P., Kumngern M. Current/voltage controlled quadrature sinusoidal oscillators for phase sensitive detection using commercially available IC. Sensors. 2020;20:1319. doi: 10.3390/s20051319. PubMed DOI PMC

Maheshwari S., Ansari M.S. Catalog of Realizations for DXCCII using Commercially Available ICs and Applications. Radioengineering. 2012;21:281–289.

Dogan M., Yuce E. A new CFOA based grounded capacitance multiplier. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 2020;115:153034. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2019.153034. DOI

Yuce E., Minaei S. Commercially Available Active Device Based Grounded Inductor Simulator and Universal Filter with Improved Low Frequency Performances. J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 2017;26:1750052. doi: 10.1142/S0218126617500529. DOI

Senani R., Bhaskar D.R., Kumar P. Two-CFOA-Grounded-Capacitor First-order All-pass Filter Configurations with Ideally Infinite Input Impedance. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 2021;137:153742. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153742. DOI

Herencsar N., Koton J., Hanak P. Universal Voltage Conveyor and its Novel Dual-Output Fully-Cascadable VM APF Application. Appl. Sci. 2017;7:307. doi: 10.3390/app7030307. DOI

Kartci A., Sotner R., Jerabek J., Herencsar N., Petrzela J. Phase shift keying modulator design employing electronically controllable all-pass sections. Analog. Integr. Circuits Signal Process. 2016;89:781–800. doi: 10.1007/s10470-016-0771-8. DOI

Chaichana A., Siripongdee S., Jaikla W. In Electronically Adjustable Voltage-mode First-order Allpass Filter Using Single Commercially Available IC; Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on Smart Materials Applications (ICSMA); Tokyo, Japan. 19–22 January 2019.

Yuce E., Verma R., Pandey N., Minaei S. New CFOA-based first-order all-pass filters and their applications. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 2019;103:57–63. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2019.02.017. DOI

Jitender , Mohan J., Chaturvedi B. All-Pass Frequency Selective Structures: Application for Analog Domain. J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 2021;30:2150150. doi: 10.1142/S0218126621501504. DOI

Yuce E., Minaei S. A New First-Order Universal Filter Consisting of Two ICCII+s and a Grounded Capacitor. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 2021;137:153802. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2021.153802. DOI

Barile G., Safari L., Pantoli L., Stornelli V., Ferri G. Electronically Tunable First Order AP/LP and LP/HP Filter Topologies Using Electronically Controllable Second Generation Voltage Conveyor (CVCII) Electronics. 2021;10:822. doi: 10.3390/electronics10070822. DOI

Chaturvedi B., Mohan J., Kumar A., Pal K. Current-Mode First-Order Universal Filter and its Voltage-Mode Transformation. J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 2020;29:2050149. doi: 10.1142/S0218126620501492. DOI

Chaturvedi B., Mohan J., Jitender, Kumar A. Resistorless Realization of First-Order Current Mode Universal Filter. Radio Sci. 2020;55:e2019RS006932. doi: 10.1029/2019RS006932. DOI

Banerjee K., Bnadopadhyaya P.K., Sarkar B., Biswas A. Multi Input Single Output using Operational Transresistance Amplifier as First Order Filter; Proceedings of the 2nd International Conference on VLSI Device, Circuit and System (VLSI DCS); Kolkata, India. 18–19 July 2020.

Agrawal D., Maheshwari S. An active-C current-mode universal first-order filter and oscillator. J. Circuits Syst. Comput. 2019;28:1950219. doi: 10.1142/S0218126619502190. DOI

Jaikla W., Talabthong P., Siripongdee S., Supavarasuwat P., Suwanjan P., Chaichana A. Electronically controlled voltage mode first order multifunction filter using low-voltage low-power bulk-driven OTAs. Microelectron. J. 2019;91:22–35. doi: 10.1016/j.mejo.2019.07.009. DOI

Singh P., Varshney V., Kumar A., Nagaria R.K. Electronically tunable first order universal filter based on CCDDCCTA; Proceedings of the 2019 IEEE Conference on Information and Communication Technology (CICT); Allahabad, India. 6–8 December 2019.

Chaturvedi B., Mohan J., Jitender , Kumar A. A Novel Realization of Current-Mode First Order Universal Filter; Proceedings of the 6th International Conference on Signal Processing and Integrated Networks (SPIN); Noida, India. 7–8 March 2019; pp. 623–627.

Chaturvedi B., Kumar A., Mohan J. Low Voltage Operated Current-Mode First-Order Universal Filter and Sinusoidal Oscillator Suitable for Signal Processing Applications. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 2019;99:110–118. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2018.11.025. DOI

Chaturvedi B., Kumar A. Electronically Tunable First-Order Filters and Dual-Mode Multiphase Oscillator. Circuits Syst. Signal Process. 2019;38:2–25. doi: 10.1007/s00034-018-0849-x. DOI

Abaci A., Yuce E. Voltage-mode first-order universal filter realizations based on subtractors. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 2018;90:140–146. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2018.04.017. DOI

Chinpark K., Jaikla W., Siripongdee S., Suwanjan P. Electronically controllable first-order multifuntion filter with using single active building block; Proceedings of the 3rd International Conference on Control and Robotics Engineering (ICCRE); Nagoya, Japan. 20–23 April 2018; pp. 192–195.

Kumar A., Paul S.K. Current mode first order universal filter and multiphase sinusoidal oscillator. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 2017;81:37–49. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2017.07.004. DOI

Safari L., Yuce E., Minaei S. A new ICCII based resistor-less current-mode first-order universal filter with electronic tuning capability. Microelectron. J. 2017;67:101–110. doi: 10.1016/j.mejo.2017.07.015. DOI

Yuce E., Minaei S. A First-Order Fully Cascadable Current-Mode Universal Filter Composed of Dual Output CCIIs and a Grounded Capacitor. J. Circuit Syst. Comp. 2016;25:1650042. doi: 10.1142/S0218126616500420. DOI

Herencsar N., Lahiri A., Koton J., Vrba K. First-order multifunction filter design using current amplifiers; Proceedings of the 39th International Conference on Telecommunications and Signal Processing (TSP); Vienna, Austria. 27–29 June 2016; pp. 279–282.

Sotner R., Jerabek J., Herencsar N., Prokop R., Lahiri A., Dostal T., Vrba K. First-Order Transfer Sections with Reconnection-Less Electronically Reconfigurable High-Pass, All-Pass and Direct Transfer Character. J. Electr. Eng. 2016;67:12–20. doi: 10.1515/jee-2016-0002. DOI

Li Y.A. A series of new circuits based on CFTAs. AEU Int. J. Electron. Commun. 2012;66:587–592. doi: 10.1016/j.aeue.2011.11.011. DOI

Banerjee K., Ranjan A., Paul S.K. New first order multifunction filter employing operational transresistance amplifier; Proceedings of the 5th International Conference on Computers and Devices for Communication (CODEC); Kolkata, India. 17–19 December 2012.

Horng J.W., Hou C.L., Tseng C.Y., Chang R., Yang D.Y. Cascadable current-mode first-order and second-order multifunction filters employing grounded capacitors. Act. Passiv. Electron. 2012;2012:261075. doi: 10.1155/2012/261075. DOI

Shah N.A., Iqbal S.Z., Parveen B. Simple first-order multifunction filter. Indian J. Pure Appl. Phys. 2004;42:854–856.

100 MHz Current Feedback Amplifier with DC Gain Control. [(accessed on 15 February 2021)]. Available online: https://www.analog.com/media/en/technical-documentation/data-sheets/1228fd.pdf.

Duangmalai D., Suwanjan P. The Voltage-Mode first order universal filter using single VD-DIBA with electronic controllability. Int. J. Electr. Comput. Eng. 2022 in press.

Yucel F. A DVCC-Based Current-Mode First-Order Universal Filter. J. Circuit Syst. Comp. 2021 doi: 10.1142/S0218126621503059. DOI

Mahattanakul J., Toumazou C. Af theoretical study of the stability of high frequency current feedback op-amp integrators. IEEE Trans. Syst. I Fundam. Theor. Appl. 1996;43:2–12.

Sansen W. Distortion in elementary transistor circuits. IEEE Trans. Circuits Syst. II Analog. Digit. Signal Process. 1999;46:315–325. doi: 10.1109/82.754864. DOI

0.3-V Voltage-Mode Versatile First-Order Analog Filter Using Multiple-Input DDTAs